Energy Sources for Organisms Energy flows in an ecosystem entropy >

The Great Weather Engine OUT OUT GhE Figure 9.3 7

The Great Weather Engine collects Figure 9.6 3 4 Cycle drives the hydrologic cycle by loading water, moving it and unloading it. Chapter 10 2 5 collects 1 Moving air creates the pressure differences 10

recycling of materials Ecological Economics neoclassical economics ecological economics natural resources obtain... use... discard obtain... use... reuse... recycle natural capital regarded as plentiful, cheap seen as valuable recycling of materials takes place in ecosystems that are regeneration part of the valued as resources & waste dumps economy

126 billion acres of earth surface ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT- amount of land needed to support a given activity… for example, life of a city 126 billion acres of earth surface 31 billion acres of bio-productive land 6 billion people on earth 5.2 acres of bio-capacity… a 5.2 acre footprint 7 acres per person is the average footprint at present 1 acre per person is the footprint allowed it we allot 80 % of the earth for non-human ecosystems FOOTPRINT takes into account the land use for supporting humans shown in the diagram at the left. fossil energy built food forest consumed environment land products energy consumed farm land forest land land land

Ecological Economics 6000 World load in 1999 At US per capita level 5000 World load in 1986 Recall the third factor that is related to load on the Earth CARE fossil energy built food forest consumption environment land products 4000 graph areas represent the size of this footprint 3000 Population in Millions 2000 1000 World load in 1800 US load in 1986 500 World load in 1500 0 10 20 50 100 150 200 Per Capita Energy Use Kcal/day Stress-effect of population and resource/energy use on Earth is the “Footprint”. Ecological economics will reduce per capita use of energy and natural resources Less load on the Earth

Shrinking the Waste Stream some approaches to waste reduction producing less waste the most basic and effective one life-cycle assessment of products to reduce waste, toxics evaluate mining, harvesting, manufacturing, packaging processes