Domains of Organisms Domain—highest taxonomic ranking, higher than kingdom 3 domains Archaea—ancient bacteria Eubacteria—”true” bacteria Eukaryotes—organisms whose cells contain nuclei

Kingdoms of Organisms Kingdom—taxon of similar phyla, distinguished by differences in cellular structures and methods of obtaining energy 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plants Animalia

Kingdom Archaebacteria Ancient bacteria that live in harsh/ extreme environments Prokaryotic Unicellular & Microscopic Some autotrophs / some heterotrophs Oldest fossils = 3.5 billion yrs / fewer than 100 species Halococcus – salt-loving bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria Modern bacteria that be found nearly everywhere Prokaryotic Unicellular & Microscopic Some autotrophs / some heterotrophs Oldest fossils = 3.5 billion yrs / 10,000+ species Streptococcus – causes strep throat

Kingdom Protista Organisms that lack complex organ systems and live in moist environments Eukaryotic Unicellular or Multicellular Some autotrophs / some heterotrophs Slime molds / Paramecium / Kelp

Kingdom Fungi Organisms that absorb nutrients from organic materials, usually cannot move Eukaryotic Unicellular or Multicellular Heterotrophs Oldest fossils = 400 million yrs / 100,000 known species Mushrooms

Kingdom Plantae Photosynthetic organisms with cells organized into systems, can’t move Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophs (some heterotrophs as well) Oldest fossils = 400 million yrs 500,000 known species Trees

Kingdom Animalia Heterotrophic organisms with cells organized into organ systems, mobile Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs Oldest fossils = 600 million yrs 3 million known species Insects, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

Evolutionary History Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species If species share a common ancestor, they share an evolutionary history Cladistics: a biological classification system based on phylogeny Cladogram: branching diagram that shows the phylogeny of a species. Shows probable evolutionary history, not direct ancestry

Cladograms Groups that are closer share a more recent common ancestor b/c the share a more recently evolved trait Type of Plants Vascular Tissue Seeds Flowers Mosses No Ferns Yes Confers Flowering Plants

Cladograms Trait Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Bony Fishes Four legs Yes No Amniotic Egg Hair