1 Chapter Ⅶ. The Endocrine Pancreas PS Wang/
2 Islets of Langerhans (ovoid, 1-2% of the wt. of pancreas) 1.A cell (20%) glucagon catabolic, mobilizing glu., FFA & A.A. from stores into blood stream 2.B cell (>50%) insulin anabolic, increasing the storage of glu. 3.D cell (1-8%) somatostatin insulin, glucagon 4.No designation (few) pancreatic polypeptide function unknown 5.the fifth cell type PS Wang/
3 Yen & Jaffe 23-1 #240
4 Hadley Endocrinology nd ed #2007
5 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology st ed #256
6 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology th ed #258
7 Ganong, W.F. Review of Medical Physiology 23rd Edition, ©2010 by The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.
8 Modified from Akt = protein kinase B GLUT-4 =Glucose transporter type 4 IRS-1 = insulin receptor substrate-1
9 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology th ed #1428
10 Hadley Endocrinology nd ed #2008
11 Hadley Endocrinology nd ed #2009
12 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology st ed #259
13 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology st ed #156
14 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology st ed #1429
15 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology st ed #260
16 #206
17 Hadley Endocrinology nd ed #2013
18 #165
19 Characteristics of Diabetes Mellites polyuria, polydipsia (= excessive thirst), weight loss in spite of polyphagia ( appetite) hyperglycemia, glycosuria, ketosis, acidosis, coma PS Wang/
20 Glucose Tolerance If a glucose load is given to a diabetic, the blood glucose rises higher and returns to the baseline more slowly than it normally does PS Wang/
21 Chemistry polypeptide, 29 A.A. 2. MW = t 1/2 = 5-10 min 4. synthesized from proglucagon 5. degraded by liver Effects glycogenolytic, gluconeogenic, lipolytic 2. stimulates adenylate cyclase (in liver) glycogen break down blood glucose 3. does not cause glycogenolysis in muscle 4. stiumlates the secretion of GH, insluin, SRIF Regulation of secretion protein meal glucagon 2. starvation glucagon Glucagon PS Wang/
22 #163
23 Hadley Endocrinology nd ed #2010
24 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology st ed #158
25 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology st ed #157
26 Hadley Endocrinology nd ed #2012
27 Ganong Review of Medical Physiology th ed #160
28 Human Diabetes Juvenile Diabetes : onset in childhood or adolescene frequently ketoacidosis B cell disorders pancreatic insulin content is low Maturity Diabetes : onset in adult (obese people) ketoacidosis is rare B cell morphology is normal pancreatic insulin content is normal PS Wang/
29 Tepperman & Tepperman Metabolic and Endocrine Physiology th ed #1239