Summary from Previous Class 1.Earth’s Internal Layering - Crust, Mantle and Core 2.Seismology, LVZ, Lithosphere, and Asthenosphere 3.P,T, density variation.

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Presentation transcript:

Summary from Previous Class 1.Earth’s Internal Layering - Crust, Mantle and Core 2.Seismology, LVZ, Lithosphere, and Asthenosphere 3.P,T, density variation in the earth’s interior 4.Transition Zone, Two-layered vs. whole mantle convection 5. Plate tectonics, Plumes, Wilson Cycle, and recent hypotheses by Anderson and Larson

Layer Names Inner CoreSolid Iron Outer CoreMolten Iron MantleDense silicates CrustGreat variety of minerals in the continental crust but limited in the oceanic crust

Meteorite Types Irons (Core Equivalent) Stony Irons (Core/Mantle Boundary) Stony meteorites Achondrites (silicate dominated) Chondrites (silicate) Carbonaceous Chondrites (only type with C & H 2 O…source of LIFE!)

Meteorite composition and abundance Stony meteorites (92.8%) Chondrites (85.7%) Carbonaceous (5.7%)hydrated mins. (serpentine), organic compounds, 1-9%H2O ordinary (67.6%)pyroxenes, olivines, Fe-Ni metal other (12.5%)similar Achondrites (7.1%) Ca-rich(4.7%)pyroxenes,olivines,plagioclase Ca-poor (2.4%)no plag Stony irons (1.5%) mesosideritespyrox, plag, Fe-Ni pallasitesolivine, Fe-Ni otherspyrox, oliv, Fe-Ni Irons (5.7%) octahedriteskamacite, taenite hexahedriteskamacites ataxitestaenite, kamacite Source: Emiliani (1990) Planet Earth

Source of Meteorites Achondrites - from Mars & Moon Chondrites - stuff terrestrial planets are made of Irons - Core of the earth Stony Irons - CMB The oldest meteorites are 4.5 billion years old

Achondrite

Iron Meteorite

Martian Meteorite

Chondrule

Olivine chondrule

Pyroxene chondrule

Composition of C chondrites The average Carbonaceous Chondrite Weight% Carbon 2.0 Metals 1.8 Nitrogen 0.2 Silicates 83.0 Water

Pb-isotope isochron for the age of the earth

Earth as a Bar Magnet

Polarity Time Scale

Core Phase Diagram?

Core dT/dz Depth (km)

Some Statistics….. OF ALL THE METEORITES THAT FALL ON EARTH: –86% are Chondrites –7.1% are Achondrites –5.7% are Irons –And 1.5% are Stony Irons