Detailed Equipment Design Objective: Attention to Details

How Many Units to Design? One The More Complex of the Two Short-Cut Designs Examples Reactor Distillation Column Absorption Column Dryer

Format for Detailed Design Unit summary - including operating conditions, production rate etc. Mention key design concerns List major assumptions with proper references/justifications

Format for Detailed Design (Cont’d) Present design calculations Improve upon shortcut design wherever possible Design internals in more details (agitators, trays, distributors, heat transfer surface etc.) Select material of construction and calculate wall thickness

Format for Detailed Design (Cont’d) Draw detailed drawing of the equipment with internals Discuss proposed instrumentation and control for the unit including safety device Show proposed instrumentation and control schemes on a separate drawing Prepare a specification sheet

Main Reactor Types Fixed bed Fluidized bed Slurry bed Stirred Tank

Gas Distributor (A Common Internal) Main Types Ring sparger Perforated Plate Perforated pipe

Gas Distributors (Cont’d) Important Design Considerations Uniform flow through distributor orifices Low pressure drop while avoiding channeling Avoid plugging due to solid particles Avoid gas jets impingement on vessel walls – can lead to pitting

Uniform Flow Through Sparger Orifices Criteria: (1) (2)

Uniform Flow Through Orifices Orifice pressure Drop:

Example of Detailed Design in Guide Book Page 80-86 Example of Gas Distributor Design on Page 77-79