Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases

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Naming Acids and Bases: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: List 3 properties of acids and bases Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid Name a base

6 Types Of Chemical Compounds Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion Binary molecular - two nonmetals Ternary ionic - at least one ion is a polyatomic ion Binary acid - H – nonmetal Ternary acid - H – Polyatomic ion Base - metal ion – OH

Acids & Bases Their Properties

Properties of Acids Taste sour Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated Turns Blue litmus paper Red Red litmus paper stays Red Reacts with Base - Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit

Properties of Bases Taste Bitter Feel Slippery Turns Red litmus paper Blue Blue litmus paper stays Blue Reacts with Acid - Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners

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The Fourth Category Of Compounds Is Binary Acids. These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”. Attached to the hydrogen is a nonmetal ion Hydrogen – nonmetal ion

Binary means two elements What are Binary Acids? Binary means two elements Naming All binary acids follow the pattern as shown next:

Naming Binary Acids Contain “H” and one other element (nonmetal) To Name: Hydro + second element name shortened (stem) + ic + acid Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acid Hydrochloric acid HF = Hydroflouric acid

HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal Stem or root of nonmetal Prefix Suffix Hydro- < NM > -ic acid HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal HCl Hydro chlor ic acid HI Hydro iod ic acid H2S Hydro sulfur ic acid

The Fifth Category Of Compounds Is Ternary Acids. These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”. Attached to the hydrogen is a polyatomic ion Hydrogen – polyatomic ion

New Element On The Periodic Table Element: Woman Symbol: Xx Atomic Mass: 120 (More Or Less)

Naming Ternary (Oxy)Acids (cont.) Contain “H”, “O” and one more element To Name: Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid Ex: HNO3 = Nitr-ate  ic + acid Nitric acid HClO3 = Chloric acid An easy way to remember which goes with which… “In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”

Naming Acids (cont.) If the acid has one more oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid Ex: HNO4 = Per + Nitr-ate  ic + acid Pernitric acid H2SO5 = Persulfuric acid

Naming Acids (cont.) If the acid has one less oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Ex: HNO2 = Nitr-ite  ous + acid Nitrous acid H2SO3 = Sulfurous acid

Naming Acids (cont.) If the acid has two less oxygens than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite  ous + acid Hyponitrous acid HClO = Hypochlorous acid

New Element On The Periodic Table (cont.) Physical Properties of Xx: Generally round in form. Boils at nothing and may freeze anytime. Melts whenever treated properly. Very bitter if not used well. Chemical Properties: Very active. Possesses strong affinity to gold, silver, platinum, and precious stones. Violent when left alone. Able to absorb great amount of exotic food. Turns slightly green when placed beside a better specimen. Ages rapidly.

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

Writing Acids This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”. Phosphoric acid H3PO4 The “-ic” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ate” - phosphate Assume that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges.

Writing Acids (cont.) Hypochlorous acid This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”. H+1 ClO-1 The “-ous” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ite” - hypochlorite HClO Assume that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges.

New Element On The Periodic Table (cont.) Usage of Xx: Highly ornamental. An extremely good catalyst for disintegration of wealth. Probably the single most powerful income reducing agent known. Caution: Highly explosive in inexperienced hands.

Naming Bases Name the metal first Add hydroxide Ex: NaOH = Sodium hydroxide KOH = Potassium hydroxide

Practice Naming Bases Formula Name NaOH Fe(OH)3 Mg(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 NH4OH Sodium hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Nickel (II) hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide

Naming Acids and Bases: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: List 3 properties of acids and bases Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid Name a base

Chemical Compound Quiz Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common name? Bleach

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

Exit Quiz Naming Bases Formula Name LiOH Mn(OH)3 Ca(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 KOH Lithium hydroxide Manganese (III) hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Copper (II) hydroxide Potassium hydroxide

Exit Quiz Naming Acids Acid Name H2SO5 H2SO4 H2SO3 H2SO2 Persulfuric acid Sulfuric acid Sulfurous acid Hyposulfurous acid

Exit Quiz Naming Acids Acid Name H2CO4 H2CO3 H2CO2 H4C Percarbonic acid Carbonic acid Carbonous acid Hydrocarbonic acid

Exit Quiz Naming Acids Acid Name HCl HClO2 HClO HClO4 Hydrochloric acid Chlorous acid Hypochlorous acid Perchloric acid

Exit Quiz Naming Various Acids Formula Binary or Ternary Name HCl B HI HNO2 T H2SO5 H3PO2 H4C Hydrochloric acid Hydroiodic acid Nitrous acid Persulfuric acid Hypophosphorous acid Hydrocarbonic acid

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