Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC What is an Acid? There are many different definitions of an acid. We will be working with the simplest definition. ACID – is a H + (hydronium ion) donor. This means that our acids will begin with the element “H”

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC 2 Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen that appears first in the formula—HCl. Molecule with one or more H + ions attached to an anion. Acids

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC Naming Acids All acids are named by FIRST identifying the ANION present Ignore the NUMBER of “H” atoms in the formula – concentrate on identifying the anion.

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC Naming Acids There are only three rules to remember Anion Name Acid Name - ideHydro- -ic Acid -ate -ic Acid -ite -ous Acid

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC Try a Few AcidAnionAcid Name HCl Cl - Chloride Hydrochloric Acid H 3 PO 4 PO 4 3- Phosphate Phosphoric Acid H 2 SO 3 SO 3 2- Sulfite Sulfurous Acid

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC 6 If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro– and the suffix –ic. Examples: HClHydrochloric acid HCNHydrocyanic acid H 2 SHydrosulfuric acid Acids - review

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC 7 Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC 8  The suffix –ic is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ate. Examples: HNO 3 Nitric acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Acetic acid  The suffix –ous is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ite. Examples: HNO 2 Nitrous acid H 2 SO 3 Sulfurous acid HClO 2 Chlorous acid Rules for Naming Acids – if the anion contains oxygen

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC Naming Acids The rules don’t change just because the anion has a prefix Anion NameAcid Name perchlorateperchloric acid hyponitritehyponitrous acid

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC Naming Acids- Examples AcidAnionAcid Name HClO ClO - HypoChlorite Hypochlorous Acid H 3 PO 5 PO 5 3- PerPhosphate Perphosphoric Acid The –ate and –ite ending of the anion still dictate how the acid will be named

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC 11 Flowchart for Naming Acids

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC Writing Acids This process is just the opposite of naming. 1.Identify the anion 2.Write the anion (including its charge) 3.The charge on the anion tell you how many “H + ” atoms to add 4.Remove all charges

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC Writing Acids Name Anion Acid Formula Hydrobromic acidBr-HBr Sulfuric acidSO 4 2- H 2 SO 4 Periodic acid IO 4 - HIO 4 Phosphorous acid PO 3 3- H 3 PO 3

Section 2.8 Naming Simple Compounds Return to TOC 14 Flowchart for Naming Acids