Arc Hydro: An Introduction Dean Djokic ESRI

Review of geodatabase issues Adding shapefiles and coverages into an ArcMap session does not make a geodatabase Adding shapefiles and coverages into an ArcMap session does not make a geodatabase Loading shapefiles and coverages into a geodatabase does not make a (efficient) geodatabase. Loading shapefiles and coverages into a geodatabase does not make a (efficient) geodatabase. Ignoring geodatabase capabilities increases cost of development and ownership Ignoring geodatabase capabilities increases cost of development and ownership When developing data, ignore spatial reference issues at your own peril When developing data, ignore spatial reference issues at your own peril SDE and versioning (including disconnected editing) do not replace the need for careful workflow development SDE and versioning (including disconnected editing) do not replace the need for careful workflow development

Arc Hydro Data Model

Parcel…Arc Hydro Template Data Models HEC…FEMA Project Data Models FeatureTopologyObject ArcGIS Core Data Model OGC FGDC ISO GIS/IT Standards Industry Templates Provide an Important Link Between Project Teams, Standards, and ESRI Software Development Template Data Models

Arc Hydro Extension of geodatabase model for support of water resources applications (template data model) Extension of geodatabase model for support of water resources applications (template data model) Culmination of a three year process led by D.R. Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Consortium (Arc Hydro book) – second phase in progress Culmination of a three year process led by D.R. Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Consortium (Arc Hydro book) – second phase in progress Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase design and basic water resources functions Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase design and basic water resources functions Starting point for water resources database and application development Starting point for water resources database and application development

Basic idea: Transition from … Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography Channels Terrain Surfaces Rainfall Response Digital Orthophotos Data Model Based on Inventory

… and … Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean. Data Model Based on Behavior

… to Arc Hydro data model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement Integrate Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model

Basic Concepts Define core feature classes for water resources analyses Define core feature classes for water resources analyses Establish relationships between core feature classes Establish relationships between core feature classes Use geometric network for tying pieces together Use geometric network for tying pieces together Mobilization of standard ArcGIS functionality Mobilization of standard ArcGIS functionality Custom tools for some of the attribute management Custom tools for some of the attribute management Custom tools for advanced “water resources” functionality Custom tools for advanced “water resources” functionality

Data Model Purpose Target audience: Water resources (surface) community interested in quick start in ArcGIS implementation Target audience: Water resources (surface) community interested in quick start in ArcGIS implementation Starting point for project model design Starting point for project model design Not a “do all” design Not a “do all” design Not implementation/application specific, but provides the key components to develop on top of Not implementation/application specific, but provides the key components to develop on top of

Arc Hydro Template Data Model Approaches Floodplain WQ Permitting Water Resources

Arc Hydro Database Definition A geospatial and temporal data model for water resources that operates within ArcGIS A geospatial and temporal data model for water resources that operates within ArcGIS Five key conceptual areas Five key conceptual areas –Drainage –Flow network –Hydrography –Channel description –Time series

Arc Hydro Schema Flow Time Time Series HydrographyNetwork Channel Drainage HydroFeatures

Arc Hydro Data Model

Arc Hydro Data Model Details

Arc Hydro Framework

Arc Hydro Key Fields Few predefined fields/attributes Few predefined fields/attributes –Identification/relates »HydroID, NextDownID, DrainID, JunctionID, FeatureID, … »HydroCode, ReachCode, CSCode, … –Measures »LengthKm, AreaSqKm »LengthDown, DrainArea –Auxiliary »FType, Name, Flowdir, …

Relationships Establish a formal (geodatabase) relationship between two feature (object) classes using predefined ID properties. Establish a formal (geodatabase) relationship between two feature (object) classes using predefined ID properties. –HydroID-based (e.g. NextDownID, JunctionID, DrainID) »“HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” »“HydroJunctionHasWatershed” »“HydroJunctionHasMonitoringPoint” »“MonitoringPointHasTimeSeries”

Relationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - definition)

Relationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - design)

Relationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - use)

Geometric Network Establishes connectivity between core feature classes Establishes connectivity between core feature classes Hydro edges (lines through which water flows) and junctions (confluences, other points of interest) Hydro edges (lines through which water flows) and junctions (confluences, other points of interest) Other feature classes connected to junctions through relationships (e.g. HydroJunctionHasWatershed) Other feature classes connected to junctions through relationships (e.g. HydroJunctionHasWatershed) Allows upstream/downstream tracing (and other out of box ArcGIS network functionality) Allows upstream/downstream tracing (and other out of box ArcGIS network functionality)

Connecting to time series HydroID CrossSectionHydroPoint DrainagePoint Junction TimeSeries Time Flow FeatureID FeatureID of time series is HydroID of the feature the time series describes

Time Series Data Structure

Nexrad Radar Rainfall Arc Hydro data in Space and Time

Additional Time Series Components

Arc Hydro Tools

Extending Arc Hydro Data Model Arc Hydro is by design a starting point for complex database design Arc Hydro is by design a starting point for complex database design Arc Hydro data model can be extended with additional feature classes and/or attributes (or some Arc Hydro feature classes can be ignored) Arc Hydro data model can be extended with additional feature classes and/or attributes (or some Arc Hydro feature classes can be ignored) Use additional GIS data sources (GRID & TIN) Use additional GIS data sources (GRID & TIN) (Basically use anything available in ArcGIS) (Basically use anything available in ArcGIS) Use all existing IDs and tools to minimize duplication of effort Use all existing IDs and tools to minimize duplication of effort

Extending Arc Hydro Data Model More application specific “stuff”

GeoRAS Data Model - Schema

Numeric modeling support Embedded modeling (external dlls, VB, …) Embedded modeling (external dlls, VB, …) Direct db modeling support Direct db modeling support XML driven import/export process XML driven import/export process

GIS MIKE 21HMS FLDWAV SWMM MIKE 11 RAS Other … N 2 * N Bi-directional XML Generic data exchange principle

Where’s Arc Hydro ?

Hydro model page at: support.esri.com/datamodels Hydro model page at: support.esri.com/datamodels

Arc Hydro home page at GIS Water Resources Consortium at: Arc Hydro home page at GIS Water Resources Consortium at: Dr.Maidment’s home page at: Dr.Maidment’s home page at:

Phase II of Arc Hydro More Tools More Tools –Time series, ID management, Terrain preprocessing,... Data model changes – update to time series component, groundwater Data model changes – update to time series component, groundwater Training (14 so far) Training (14 so far) Status Status –Self-sustaining Get involved into Consortium activities Get involved into Consortium activities –Meetings –Contributors –Personal communication –Projects

Describing the hydrologic cycle

Extend Arc Hydro data model to include representation of groundwater systems Extend Arc Hydro data model to include representation of groundwater systems Goals: Goals: – –Support representation of regional groundwater systems – –Support representation of site scale groundwater studies – –Enable the integration of surface water and groundwater data – –Connect to groundwater modeling software Arc Hydro GW data model objective

Integration of surface water and groundwater models

Applying Arc Hydro

Many Aspects of Arc Hydro Saxe, John Godfrey, 1963, “The Blind Man and the elephant”, New York: Whittlesley House Database design Application “Standard” Tools Marketing Development environment Elephant illustration ©2002 Jason Hunt

Applying Arc Hydro Extension of Arc Hydro data model for support of water resources applications Extension of Arc Hydro data model for support of water resources applications Addition of features and feature classes Addition of features and feature classes Addition of functionality (tools) Addition of functionality (tools) Various entities Various entities –ESRI –CRWR (SFWMD, SARA, WAM, …) –Other (DHI, USGS, OMNR, SJRWMD, …)

Applying Arc Hydro (ESRI) Current activities: Current activities: –River hydraulics & hydrology »HEC-GeoRAS and FLDWAV »HEC-GeoHMS –StreamStats –So.Cal fires debris flow predictions –DEM Editing tools –NHD in Arc Hydro –SWFWMD –ApFramework

River Hydraulics in 8.* Work with HEC on porting the ArcView 3 GeoRAS solution to ArcGIS platform. Work with HEC on porting the ArcView 3 GeoRAS solution to ArcGIS platform. –Fully support RAS 3.0 functionality –New (improved) UI –Additional spatial data input »Levees, ineffective flow areas, … »Terrain definition by TIN and GRID –XML data I/O Will be released as HEC “product” Will be released as HEC “product” Extension of Arc Hydro data model Extension of Arc Hydro data model

Finalized initial development Finalized initial development –Beta 6 released To be done To be done –Final tweaks –Documentation and online help Support for FLDWAV (NWS) Support for FLDWAV (NWS) TIN intersection issues (TIN building with close-by nodes) TIN intersection issues (TIN building with close-by nodes) River Hydraulics in 8.*

Preprocessing ModelingExport Import Postprocessing Visualization GeoRAS River Hydraulics in 8.*

Hydrology in 8.* Work with HEC on porting the ArcView 3 GeoHMS solution to ArcGIS platform. Work with HEC on porting the ArcView 3 GeoHMS solution to ArcGIS platform. –Fully support HMS functionality (GeoHMS 1.1) –New (improved) UI –Geodatabase implementation –XML data I/O Status Status –GeoHMS – work in progress, May timeframe for beta - AWRA in Nashville)

StreamStats (USGS) Implementation of USGS regression equations for flow computations at ungaged locations (WDNR ArcView 3 implementation) Implementation of USGS regression equations for flow computations at ungaged locations (WDNR ArcView 3 implementation) Web based application (and desktop) Web based application (and desktop) Status – prototype for ID completed, work on several other States Status – prototype for ID completed, work on several other States Phase II contracted Phase II contracted Full implementation in Arc Hydro – all additional GIS functionality is rolled-into Arc Hydro Full implementation in Arc Hydro – all additional GIS functionality is rolled-into Arc Hydro

Functionality: –Select point of interest –Delineate watershed –Extract watershed characteristics (area, CN, …) –Send to NFF and get results back –“Publish” results StreamStats (USGS)

1) Select area 2) Delineate watershed 3) Get results StreamStats (USGS)

Implement USGS debris flow prediction model within ArcGIS environment Implement USGS debris flow prediction model within ArcGIS environment –Peak flow –Probability of occurrence –Custom regression calculator Built on top of Arc Hydro and StreamStats functionality for watershed delineation and characterization Built on top of Arc Hydro and StreamStats functionality for watershed delineation and characterization –Generalization of characteristics extraction New functionality rolled-into Arc Hydro New functionality rolled-into Arc Hydro So.Cal Fires Debris Flow Predictions

DEM Editing Tools (HEC) Tools for micro-editing of DEM (grid) Tools for micro-editing of DEM (grid) –Develop “hydrologicaly”-correct DEM Status – application delivered to HEC Status – application delivered to HEC Functionality Functionality –Raise or drop a point of interest –Burn/fence local lines/polys –DEM QC functions –DEM assembly

DEM Editing Tools (HEC)

NHD in Arc Hydro (FS/USGS) Editing application for NHD data (NHDinGeo) Editing application for NHD data (NHDinGeo) –Process-driven (workflow) Status – development underway, completion by end of May Status – development underway, completion by end of May NHDinGeo data model completed NHDinGeo data model completed NHDinGeo and NHDinGeoARC data being generated NHDinGeo and NHDinGeoARC data being generated Return to coverage model required (NHDinGeoARC) Return to coverage model required (NHDinGeoARC) Work on making NHDinGeo Arc Hydro compliant Work on making NHDinGeo Arc Hydro compliant

NHD in Arc Hydro (FS/USGS)

SWFWMD Implementation of Watershed Modeling Database in Arc Hydro framework (from coverages into geodatabase) Implementation of Watershed Modeling Database in Arc Hydro framework (from coverages into geodatabase) Key elements: Key elements: –GIS database design for support of watershed management program –Additional Arc Hydro tools for management of “bombing range” terrain type –Enterprise – project geodatabase interaction issues

Common threads Use of existing data model, tools, and techniques (Arc Hydro) as a base for development Use of existing data model, tools, and techniques (Arc Hydro) as a base for development Economy in development Economy in development –Existing tools (functionality consolidation) –Same coding core (ApFramework) –Same configuration methodology (XML) –Same model I/O approach (XML)

Q & A