Yu. Oganessian FLNR (JINR) PAC–meeting, June 22, 2009, Dubna Experimental activities and main results of the researches at FLNR (JINR) Theme: Synthesis.

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Presentation transcript:

Yu. Oganessian FLNR (JINR) PAC–meeting, June 22, 2009, Dubna Experimental activities and main results of the researches at FLNR (JINR) Theme: Synthesis of new nuclei and study of nuclear properties and heavy-ion reaction mechanism /2009

A&M ANL ORNL IPN INFN Heavy ion accelerators RIKEN GANIL GSI MSU INFN Heavy Ion National Laboratories Pioneers LBL JINR BNL CERN GSI Heavy Ion Colliders Heavy ion physics: from the beginning to now… RIB-Factory RIB

Nuclei close to and beyond the border line

Light nuclei neutrons protons Heaviest nuclei p/n - transfer & fragmentation /radioactive ion beams beams of the neutron-rich projectiles: 3 H(12.3y), 6 He(0.8s) and 8 He(0.12s)... & target nuclei: 1,2 H, 3 H(12.3y), 3,4 He

Shells in the light nuclei beams 0.8s0.1s Radioactive ion beams

DIRECT 400-cm cyclotron low energy beam line stable ion beams now 7Li radioactive ion beams Dubna Radioactive Ion Beams now 6He Electron accelerator ISOL now 8He DIRECT

Neutron correlations

Strangely enough, but all the combinations: 3H, 6He, 8He (beams) + 1H, 2H, 3H (targets) have been studied.

no shell effect was observed Unbound strong shell effect in the “doubly-magic” nucleus structure discovery “di-neutron” in halo-nucleus 6 He FLNR 2001 superheavy hydrogen Be 2p-emission evidence of shell structure 5730y

discovery “di-neutron” in halo-nucleus 6 He FLNR 2001 Be 2p-emission Ne β + -2p emission 0.11s

4 He Pb Sub-barrier fusion of halo nucleus 6 He neutron transfer Pb

targets: Au, Pb E CM - E B (MeV) Cross sections (mb ) 6He-neutron transfer 4He-neutron transfer 6He-fusion 4He-fusion Nuclear reactions induced by halo nuclei “of-line” gamma measurements

Experimental scheme & conditions “in-beam” gamma spectroscopy Ю.Ц. Оганесян. «Тяжелые ионы в ЛЯР». Семинар, ЛЯР ОИЯИ, Дубна, 28 апреля 2008г.

Heaviest nuclei

Light nuclei neutrons protons Heaviest nuclei Pb-based fusion 48Ca-beam & actinide target nuclei search for magic numbers

Island of Stability shoal peninsula continent New lands Neutron number P r o t o n n u m b e r Island of Stability New lands Microscopic theory cold fusion Pb + HI hot fusion Act.+ 48 Ca

Reaction of Synthesis Fusion & fission

Cold fusion 208 Pb+ 48 Ca + 58 Fe + 86 Kr 238 U+ 48 Ca 33MeV 26MeV 21MeV Act.+ 48 Ca

touching point fission from the excited state quasi fission FLNR 1998 ► FLNR 1963► neutrons fission isomers spontaneous fission β-delay fission fission modes FLNR 1962 γ-rays 1940►

SHE Cold & hot fusion cross sections fusion survival

226Ra 232Th 238U 248Cf 252Fm Z=120

The sensitivity of experiment corresponds to σ=0.4 pb for detection of one event. Search for Element 120

Fusion Probability 48 Ca+ 226 Ra 136 Xe+ 136 Xe 132 Sn+ 176 Yb Z=108

Decay Properties

243 Am 242 Pu, 245 Cm 226 Ra Sg/ s Hs/ s 9.06  σ 4n ≈ 10pb 237 Np 244 Pu, 248 Cm 249 Cf Decay chains Decay chains 34 nuclides 48 Ca + T 1/2 = 320d / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Bk + 48 Ca Collaboration: FLNR (Dubna) ORNL (Oak-Ridge) LLNL (Livermore) IAR (Dmitrovgrad) Vanderbilt University (Nashville)

Spontaneous fission half-lives Actinides Trans-actinides Superheavy nuclei

With Z >40% larger than that of Bi, the heaviest stable element, that is an impressive extension in nuclear survival. Although the SHN are at the limits of Coulomb stability, shell stabilization lowers: the ground-state energy, creates a fission barrier, and thereby enables the SHN to exist. The fundamentals of the modern theory concerning the mass limits of nuclear matter have obtained experimental verification

Size of SH-nuclei Geiger–Nutall relation Log T α = C + D/√Q α based on invariable density of nuclear matter and nuclear size: R = r 0 ·A 1/3 perfectly works in the Region: 212 Po- 238 U, where alpha-decay half-lives changed more than times !

Cold fusion Act.+ 48 Ca available for chemical studies Superheavy nuclei aren't exception to this rule

Chemical properties

Atomic properties Hg Pb Tl Bi

more and more inert? Periodic Table of Elements

transport & on-line chemistry transport & off-line chemistry

Half-lives of nuclei with Z ≥ 110 Half-lives of nuclei with Z ≥ 110 Act Ca N=162 “in flight” available for chemistry & mass separation “on line” “gas catcher”

rotating target entrance window beam RECOILS q=q eq pumping acceleration RF RF+E RF q=1+ He H 2 +B stopping volume E separating window GAS CATCHER Guy Savard from Argonne National Laboratory beam of high quality

1.Experiments on synthesis of the isotopes of element 117 in the reaction 249 Bk + 48 Ca. a) Gas-filled separator b) Chemistry: on-line Z=113 / off-line Z=105 up to July 2010 Cyclotron U / Studies of 2p-emission from 6 Be in the charge – exchange reaction 6 Li → 6 Be with ACCULINA – separator Cyclotron U-400M 3. First experiments with on-line MASHA separator Low energy beam line on Cyclotron U-400M

110 scientist (16 doctors of science and 48 PhD) during next 6 years will take part in the new theme “Synthesis and properties of nuclei at the stability limits” (2010 / 2016)