Stage in Field Development Session 2 Stage in Field Development

Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves Liquid Hydrocarbons Crude Oil, N Natural Gas Liquids, NGL Condensate, CL Gasoline, CLg Liquefied Petroleum Gases, CLp (LPG)

Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves Natural Gas Nonassociated Gas, G Associated Gas, Ga Dissolved Gas, Gd Injected Gas, Gi

Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves Fig. 1 - Fluid Hydrocarbon Classification

Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves Oil Reserves Classification Recovery possibilities Degree of proof Development and producing status Energy source Primary reserves Secondary reserves Tertiary reserves

Hydrocarbon Classification and Oil Reserves Fig. 2 - Oil Reserves Classification and EOR Target and Path

Producing Reserves Oil Recovery Methods Primary Recovery Methods Improved Recovery Methods Conventional methods (secondary methods) Enhanced oil recovery methods (tertiary methods) from research and lab experiment, which can improve the possible reserves, through field pilot tests, which can increase the probable reserves, to proved and producing reserves when the commercial development of the reservoir under one of the EOR methods is in place.

Fig. 3 - Primary and Improved Recovery Methods

Primary Recovery Factor Water Drive RF mencapai 50% Well Head oil RESERVOIR water

oil Solution Gas Drive Well Head RESERVOIR RF mencapai 15%-25% Gas terlarut oil Gas terlarut Gas terlarut Gas terlarut RESERVOIR Gas terlarut Gas terlarut Gas terlarut Gas terlarut

Gas Cap Drive RF mencapai ……. % Well Head Free Gas RESERVOIR oil

Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods Producing Reserves Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods improve sweep efficiency by reducing the mobility ratio between injected and in-place fluids, eliminate or reduce the capillary and interfacial forces and thus improve displacement efficiency, and act on both phenomenon simultaneously. Chemical Methods Miscible Methods Thermal Methods

Table 1 – Methods and Enhanced Recovery

Producing Reserves Oil Recovery Factor 5-10% Tight oil reservoirs, slightly fractured or heavy oil reservoirs 10-25% Oil reservoirs produced mainly by solution gas drive 25-40% Oil reservoirs producing under partial water drive, gas injection, or gravity drainage 40-55% Oil reservoirs produced by conventional waterflood

Producing Reserves Table 2 – Conventional and EOR Methods Efficiency (ER)