HENRY DAVID THOREAU From “CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE”

ARGUMENT IS A FORM OF PERSUASION THAT USES LOGIC, REASONS, AND EVIDENCE TO INFLUENCE AN AUDIENCE’S IDEAS OR ACTIONS.

VALID ARGUMENT RELIES ON LOGIC-THE PROCESS OF CLEAR, WELL-ORGANIZE THINKING THAT LEADS TO A REASONABLE CONCLUSION.

FOUR MAJOR POINTS WITHIN THOREAU’S ESSAY

1.GOVERNMENT IS A MEANS TO AN END. 2. THE MAJORITY WILL INEVITABLY, IN SOME INSTANCES, HARM THE MINORITY.

3.PEOPLE HAVE AN OBLIGATION NOT TO SUPPORT WHAT THEY FEEL IS WRONG.

4.THE “FREE AND ENLIGHTENED STATE” IS ONE THAT WILL “RECOGNIZE THE INDIVIDUAL AS A HIGHER POWER.”

MAHONDAS K. GANDHI On the Eve of Historic “DANDI MARCH”

GANDHI SUGGESTS THAT INDIANS RISE UP AGAINST THE RULING BRITISH GOVERNMENT.

NELSON MANDELA FROM “LONG WALK TO FREEDOM”

DETECTING BIAS: PERSUASIVE MESSAGES, SUCH AS ADVERTISEMENTS, EDITORIALS, AND POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS, APPEAL HEAVILY TO AN AUDIENCE’S EMOTIONS.

BANDWAGON APPEAL ATTEMPTS TO MAKE PEOPLE THINK THAT EVERYONE ELSE IS DOING SOMETHING.

LOADED LANGUAGE IS WORDS WITH STRONG CONNOTATIONS.

TESTIMONIALS SUPPLY ENDORSEMENTS FROM EXPERTS OR CELEBRITIES.

POLLING RESULTS OFFER NUMBERS TO SHOW SUPPORT FOR A CERTAIN VIEWPOINT.

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. From “LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM CITY JAIL”

PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES 1.LOGIC: CONCERNING ALABAMA’S LAWS

2.ANECDOTE: KING USES HIS ACCOUNT OF HIS ARREST FOR MARCHING WITHOUT A PARADE PERMIT.

3.KING’S FINAL SENTENCE APPEALS TO THE READER’S CONSCIENCE; IT IS AN ETHICAL OR MORAL ARGUMENT.