Kick Off November 4, 2013  Complete your Absolute Monarchs graphic organizer  This will be checked on Wednesday

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

The Scientific Revolution

Dawn of Modern Science  New challenges to traditional authorities  Geocentric Theory: earth was center of universe  Proposed by Aristotle, upheld by church  New theories about natural world and new procedures to test those ideas called Scientific Revolution  Age of Exploration led people to study natural world more closely  Scientific Method: New approach to discovery  Developed by Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes

Discoveries in Astronomy, Physics, Math, Biology and Chemistry 1. Copernicus 2. Brahe and Kepler 3. Galileo 4. Newton 5. Vesalius and Harvey 6. Van Leeuwenhoek 7. Hooke 8. Boyle 9. Lavoisier

 Read about your scientist  Check the solution station  Meet the other scientists and discuss your resume  “Hi! My name is Nicolaus Copernicus. I’m from Poland. Where are you from? I like to study astronomy – that’s the study of planets and stars. I think that the church is wrong – the sun is actually the center of the solar system....”  Take notes as you talk with each scientist.

New Discoveries  Nicholas Copernicus develops heliocentric theory  Idea that the planets revolve around the sun  Contradicted teachings of the church  Johannes Kepler expanded on work of Tycho Brahe and solved many mathematical issues faced by Copernicus concerning planets and orbits  Galileo built first telescope, supported Copernicus  Isaac Newton published Principia detailing his universal theory of gravity, developed calculus

Biology and Chemistry  Andreas Vasalius: produced accurate drawings of the human anatomy  Antony Van Leeuwenhoek: invented the microscope  Robert Boyle: father of modern chemistry, first to define an element

Elizabeth: Golden Age

Kick Off November 5, 2013  In your opinion, what is the purpose of the government?  How could we improve the government?  What is your goal for the 2 nd quarter?

ALL-HERTHEL TEAM!

Science and Society  New advances challenged the Catholic Church  Many scientists were Christian, did not want to question the church  Inquisition put Galileo on trial, placed him under house arrest  Laid the foundation for future discoveries in science and philosophy, people questioning the natural world

Section 1 Quiz  Complete the Section 1 “Quiz” by matching the appropriate term to the description.  You may use your notes  When you’re finished- turn it in. Then, you can finish your absolute monarchs graphic organizer, or work on the vocabulary words for this unit.

The Enlightenment

The Age of Reason  Scientific Revolution led to idea of reason  Notion that reason could be used to solve human problems became known as Enlightenment  Reached its peak in 1700s in Paris  Wealthy Parisians hosted gatherings called salons where people discussed philosophy, art, science, etc.

Key Enlightenment Ideas  The ability to reason is what makes humans unique  Reason can be used to solve problems and improve people’s lives  Reason can free people from ignorance, superstition, and unfair government  The natural world is governed by laws that can be discovered through reason  Human behavior is governed by natural laws  Governments should reflect natural laws and encourage education and debate

Historical Heads  Select one key figure of the Enlightenment  Draw their head and fill it with their ideas  At least 10 symbols/phrases

Kick Off November 6, 2013  Both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke believed in a social contract. Create a Venn Diagram (double bubble) comparing and contrasting their ideas.

Kick Off November 6, 2013  Would you give up your privacy to ensure a safe and orderly community? Why or why not?

Key Enlightenment Ideas  With your partner, read about each of the key figures of the Enlightenment.  Answer the questions about them in your notebook.  You will have 7 minutes per station

Kick Off November 7, 2013 Identify the term or person that best fits each of the following descriptions. 1. Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric theory of the solar system. 2. Theory that the sun was the center of the universe. 3. Five-step process for testing theories in order to acquire new knowledge. 4. French philosopher who believed in the separation of powers.

1. Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric theory of the solar system. Copernicus 2. Theory that the sun was the center of the universe. Heliocentric theory 3. Five-step process for testing theories in order to acquire new knowledge. Scientific Method 4. French philosopher who believed in the separation of powers. Baron de Montesquieu

Enlightenment Ideas Spread  Enlightenment ideas spread quickly across Europe  Some monarchs ruled according to enlightenment ideas  Called enlightened despots  Frederick the Great established elementary education in Prussia  Catherine II of Russia created a constitution and code of laws  Joseph II of Austria eliminated torture and the death penalty, established religious toleration, and abolished serfdom

The American Revolution

 Complete the graphic organizer using pages

Change and Crisis  By mid-1700s, Enlightenment ideas spread to America  Land was plentiful and cheap = opportunity  Trouble began when Britain began to tax colonies without their consent  Stamp Act: tax on official documents to pay for French and Indian War  Boycott of English goods forced its repeal  New series of taxes had same effect, citizens began to harass British troops  Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party  Citizens called First Continental Congress in 1774 to list their grievances (complaints) about the British

The Revolution Begins  The Sons of Liberty expected a war, hid weapons in countryside and towns west of Boston  1775: British troops march to Lexington and Concord to find weapons  April 19 th : British troops confront American militia, shots fired, Revolution begins  Not all colonists wanted independence  Thomas Paine’s Common Sense argued for independence, widely read  Created popular support for the Revolution

Struggle For Independence  First war in which governments were challenged based on Enlightenment principals  Declaration of Independence written at Second Continental Congress on July 4 th, 1776  Written by Thomas Jefferson  Expression of Enlightenment political philosophy  Drew ideas from English Bill of Rights  George Washington named commander of Continental Army

The Revolutionary War  Began poorly for British, forced to abandon Boston  Continental army later driven into New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and upstate New York  Benjamin Franklin traveled to Paris to seek help from French  French eventually joined the Americans, were a decisive factor in the final victory at Yorktown, Virginia  British government signed Treaty of Paris in September 1783, formally recognizing American independence

Forming a New Government  First government based on Articles of Confederation  Federal government too weak, could not tax or negotiate w/ foreign nations  Constitution adopted in 1787  Created a federal system in which some powers were held by the federal government, others by states  Bill of Rights added to protect individual freedoms  News of successful revolution in America had a huge impact overseas (France)

Scavenger Hunt  Use your notebook to travel the room and complete the scavenger hunt.

Cut it out! Visual Study Guide  Cut out the pieces.  Then, glue them onto your paper in an order that makes sense to you.  When you’re finished, you can color them in!