By: Danielle Duda Period 3 Pest: European Wood Wasp Due Date:

IPM IPM stands for Integrated Pest Management. IPM is a process to try to manage pests without having an effect on people, animals, or the environment. IPM was created because there needed to be a way to prevent pests without using harmful chemicals such as pesticides. We also need IPM to help save our crops from being eaten and prevent nature from being infested and destroyed by pests.

IPM The steps of IPM are… 1.Inspect and investigate- In this stage you will observe a habitat and search for pests. 2.Identify and learn- In this step you will find a pest and research about this pest’s background and its needs. 3.Monitor- During this step you will observe the pest’s daily life and see what it uses, needs, and does on a daily basis. 4.Choose control methods- In this stage you will choose how you want to prevent this pest from harming the environment; for example you might take away their food supply. 5.Evaluate and educate- During this stage you will observe how the pest survives without its food supply. You will see if that method worked, and if it didn’t you will EDUCATE yourself with more knowledge about that pest and follow these steps again.

IPM The tactics of IPM are… 1.Physical Removal- fly swatters, screens, and bug traps. 2.Biological Controls- parasites, predators, or pathogens 3.Pesticides- carbamate pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides, and any chemical pest repellant 4.“Natural” pesticides (biopesticides) – microbial pesticides, PIP’s, and biochemical pestisides

European Wood Wasp A European Wood Wasp is NOT native. It arrived here on cargo ships from Europe. The scientific name of the European Wood Wasp is Sirex noctilio.

European Wood Wasp The European Wood Wasp has a pin- shaped spine at their bottom. They are about inches long with no “waist” behind their wings. They are a metallic bluish- black color, but the males have an orange band circling around their abdomen. Their legs are a dark orange with black feet. Finally, European Wood Wasps have black antennae.

European Wood Wasp

European Wood Wasp When European Wood Wasps are born they are in the form of an egg. The female lays the eggs in stressed trees. Until the eggs become larvae they just rest in the stressed tree. Once the egg becomes larva it chews through the wood creating tunnels off hollow wood. After a couple weeks the Wasp will pupate and leave an exit hole in the wood. As an adult they will select and kill a tree by injecting phytotoxic fungus into the tree.

European Wood Wasp The European Wood Wasp eats mainly pine trees. They damage the trees by chewing through the wood and making tunnels. They also leave an exit hole and pupate in that exit hole before leaving. Finally, the females lay eggs and give off a toxic fungus that kills the trees and makes it easier for the larvae to create their tunnels.

European Wood Wasp Many different biological controls have been used to help stop the infestation, such as, parasitoids and entomophagous nematode. The Bureau of Forestry is using Lindgren funnel traps to trap the pests in only 3 Pennsylvania counties. Finally, some counties are using grid systems to track the pests and use traps to kill them.