STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT Section 2

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Presentation transcript:

STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT Section 2 CHAPTER 1 STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT Section 2

Units and Standards STANDARD – an exact quantity that people agree to use to compare measurements Without a standard you cannot compare measurements

Measurement Systems For a measurement to make sense it must have a NUMBER and a UNIT 5meters, 12seconds, 823grams Give me 8 English System used in the U.S.

Measurement Systems Metric System – based on multiples of TEN International System of Units (SI) – universally used and understood globally by scientists

METRIC SYSTEM BASE UNITS: QUANTITY MEASURED UNIT SYMBOL Length meter m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Electric current ampere A Temperature kelvin K

METRIC SYSTEM SI Prefixes SI is easy to use because it’s based on multiples of 10 PREFIXES ARE USED TO INDICATE WHICH MULTIPLE OF 10

MEANING (multiplying factor) METRIC SYSTEM SI Prefixes PREFIX SYMBOL MEANING (multiplying factor) Kilo- k 1,000 Deci- d 0.1 Centi- c 0.01 Milli- m 0.001 Micro- µ 0.000001 Nano- n 0.000000001

METRIC SYSTEM Converting from one unit to another Need to use a CONVERSION FACTOR: a ratio that is equal to ONE and is used to convert from one unit to another Convert 1gram to milligrams: 1g x 1,000mg/1g = 1,000mg Convert 10meters to kilometers 10m x 1km/1,000m = 0.010km

MEASURING DISTANCE LENGTH – the distance between 2 points METER (m) When choosing the unit, make sure it’s appropriate.

MEASURING MATTER MASS – the quantity of matter KILOGRAM (kg) Depends on number and type of atoms

MEASURING TIME How long it takes something to happen SECONDS (s) Records History

MEASURING TEMPERATURE How much heat something has KELVIN (K) but most often reported scientifically in CELSIUS (⁰C)

DERIVED UNITS: Volume and Density VOLUME – amount of space occupied by an object Derived from 3 measurements; V = l × w × h = cm3 Liters (L) 1 mL = 1 cm3

DERIVED UNITS: Volume and Density DENSITY – mass per unit volume of a material Derived from the mass (g) ÷ volume (cm3) Water is the standard for density 1g/cm3 DENSITY OF SOME MATERIALS AT 20⁰C WATER 1.0 g/cm3 LEAD 11.34 g/cm3 HELIUM 0.0001785 g/cm³