Journal  What is my journal for? Bell ringer activity Review questions  Write in complete sentences!  There should be no talking while journal work is being done Not a group activity!  Questions: Write down the question(s) and answers  Writing prompts Write down the prompt and your response in complete sentences  Articles Write down what you think of the article, something that the article made you think about or a question it brought up for you

Journal Entry #1 1. What is science? 2. Do you like science? Why or why not? (no wrong answer) 3. What does the study of Earth Systems include?

Metric System Basics  What is the metric system?  Why use the metric system? To have a single unit for every physical quantity Most of the world uses the metric system (95%) MUCH EASIER: Based on units of 10

Metric System Basics  Only a few areas of the world still use the English measurement system

Metric System

Problems Metric mishap caused loss of NASA orbiter September 30, 1999 CNN NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because a Lockheed Martin engineering team used English units of measurement while NASAs team used the more conventional metric system for a key spacecraft operation. The units mismatch prevented navigation information from transferring between the Mars Climate Orbiter spacecraft team in at Lockheed Martin in Denver and the flight team at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Lockheed Martin helped build, develop and operate the spacecraft for NASA. Its engineers provided navigation commands for Climate Orbiters thrusters in English units although NASA has been using the metric system predominantly since at least 1990.

Science Basics  Metric System Units Grams Kilograms Centimeters Meters Kilometers Liters Milliliters Celsius  English System Units Pounds Ounces Feet Inches Yards Miles Gallons Cups Teaspoon Quarts Pints Fahrenheit

Metric System Basics  The metric system is based on a base unit that corresponds with a certain type of measurement Length = meters Volume = liters Mass or weight = grams

Teacher Demos

Metric Conversions

Temperature  Thermometer : Measures Temperature

Thermoscope  Galileo Galilee 1600s Based on the ability of water and air to expand and contract ○ Heats, expands = less dense ○ Cools, condenses = more dense

Dial Thermometers  John Harrison 1759 Uses the expansion and contraction of thin pieces of metal Used in furnace thermostats  kipedia/commons/2/26/Bimeta l_coil_reacts_to_lighter.gif kipedia/commons/2/26/Bimeta l_coil_reacts_to_lighter.gif

Mercury Thermometers  Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit 1714

Electrical Thermometers  Sir William Siemens 1871 Measures electrical charge Translates it into a temperature

Andreas Celsius  Celsius Scale: Temperature Scale based on the freezing points of water 1742

Homemade Thermometer

Temperature  In the metric system, temperature is measured in degrees Celsius.  Based on the boiling a freezing points of water When it’s zero it’s freezing, When it’s 10 it’s not, When it’s 20 it’s warm, When its 30 it’s hot!

Conversions  Fahrenheit to Celsius:  Celsius to Fahrenheit:

Density  Density: a measure of how tightly packed molecules are in a substance d = m/V Which of the pictures below shows a more dense material

Teacher Demos 1. Coke vs. Diet Coke 2. Underwater volcano 3. Lava Lamp 4. Convection Currents 5. Mysterious Ice cubes