FLOODS. RIVER FLOODS Stream overflows levees Stream overflows levees Most destructive of all geologic hazards Most destructive of all geologic hazards.

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Presentation transcript:

FLOODS

RIVER FLOODS Stream overflows levees Stream overflows levees Most destructive of all geologic hazards Most destructive of all geologic hazards Causes Causes –Weather –Dams breaking

Floods of the 20 th century

Cincinnati, OH

Des Moines, Iowa 1993

Mississippi 2001

Artificial Levees To prevent river from flooding To prevent river from flooding Walls made of- Walls made of- –Dirt –Sandbags –Concrete

levees Dutch Dutch England England

US levees

floodplains Flat area around a river; floods Flat area around a river; floods Paving creates more run-off Paving creates more run-off Leaving natural, acts like “sponge” Leaving natural, acts like “sponge”

Flood plain use Best use? Leave it alone! Best use? Leave it alone! OK use? Golf course, park, farm OK use? Golf course, park, farm Worst use? Worst use?

How to recognize a floodplain?

Floodplain map

100 year flood Misleading term Misleading term 1-in-a100 chance of river flooding every year! (1%) 1-in-a100 chance of river flooding every year! (1%) 10 year flood? 10 year flood?

1 in 100 chance

How can flooding be good? When river floods, nutrients from bottom of the river are distributed onto land When river floods, nutrients from bottom of the river are distributed onto land Provides natural fertilizer Provides natural fertilizer Great farmland! Great farmland!

See any problems?

Marquette, MI 2003 tourist park

Flood uncovered glacier grooves

Flood insurance Most homeowners do not have Most homeowners do not have Government assistance Government assistance –Relief –relocation

Flash Floods Most deadly Most deadly Most vehicle related Most vehicle related Due to impermeable ground Due to impermeable ground Storm sewer back up Storm sewer back up

Vassar, MI 1986

Stream gauges measures stream height to calculate crest measures stream height to calculate crest

OR gauges measure stream discharge

hydrograph

Dams increase erosion downstream (white water) Increased deposition upstream Make river colder Make river colder

Glen Canyon Dam Purposes: Purposes: Flood control Flood control Electricity Electricity Drinking water Drinking water

Glen Canyon Dam

Hoover dam

Grand Canyon Flooding To simulate nature’s floods To simulate nature’s floods Replenish beaches Replenish beaches

Water cycle