Welcome to Deviance and Violence Seminar 1  Welcome  Course Expectations  Q and A

What is Victimology ?

Victimology  The study of crime victims and their relationship to offenders and the criminal justice system.  Victimology attempts to address questions of how crime victims have been exploited, abused, neglected harmed and oppressed in various settings.

Victims  Experience Loss and Injury Physical Economic  Experience Psychological Trauma Stress Anxiety Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Fear of Crime  65% of Americans report fearing crime because of media influence (Meadows, 2007)  21% of Americans report fearing crime because of personal experience (Meadows, 2007)  Women, Elderly, Poor, and Minorities are more fearful of crime then men. (Meadows, 2007)

Fear Victimization Paradox  Women and Elderly report higher levels of fear but are less likely to be victimized.  This Concept of who is fearful and who should be fearful of victimization is the paradox.

Sources of Data on Crime & Victimization  UCR-  NCVS-

Sources of Data on Crime & Victimization  UCR- Uniform Crime Report  Enables law enforcement agencies to exchange information about reported crime  8 Index Crime- (murder, rape, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny, motor vehicle theft and assault)  Dark Figure of Crime  VICAP- Violent Criminal Apprehension Program- Nationwide data center designed to collect, collate and analyze information about crimes of violence.

Sources of Data on Crime & Victimization  NCVS- National Crime Victimization Survey  Established to complement the  Recognizes incidents not reported to the police  Tries to address the Dark Figure of Crime

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PAYING FOR THE COST OF CRIME?

Insurance Companies Government State Compensation Programs Taxpayers WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PAYING FOR THE COST OF CRIME?

WHAT ARE THE EMOTIONAL REACTIONS TO VICTIMIZATIONS?

Emotional Reactions to Victimization PTSD- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual states that PTSD occurs when a person has been exposed to an extreme traumatic stressor. Three Categories of PTSD 1. Intrusive 2. Avoidance 3. Hyperarousal Other types of Trauma Battered Women Syndrome Rape Trauma Syndrome

Hans von Hentigs- Victims shapes the criminal and the crime.  Personal factors associated with victimization  Social  Psychological  Biological Victimization Theory

Hans von Hentigs-  Twelve Categories of Victims  Young  Females  Elderly  Mentally Defective  Immigrants  Minorities Victimization Theory

Hans von Hentigs-  Twelve Categories of Victims  Dull Normals  Depressed  Acquisitive  Lonesome & Heartbroken  Tormentors  Blocked, Exempted, Fighting Victimization Theory

Mendelshon- some victims may unintentionally invite their own victimization, depending on the degree of relationship with the offender Innocent Victim Victim Precipitation Crime Sellin & Wolfgang-Address situation rather than relationship.

Victimization Theory  Cultural Trappings  Victim Precipitation Theory  Broken Windows Theory  Defensible Space Theory  Routine Activity Theory

Stalking  What is Stalking?  Why do some people stalk others  What are the ways one can stalk?  Ways to combat stalking?

Intimate Partner Violence  Women are at greater risk Socioeconomically disadvantage Minorities Young Urban setting Low Education Men are at greater risk to commit IPV Unemployed

Deviance and Violence Seminar 1  Summary Q and A What to expect for Unit 2