Diet of Tiger salamanders in North Dakota,with implications for flow of heavy metals through wetland food webs.

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Presentation transcript:

Diet of Tiger salamanders in North Dakota,with implications for flow of heavy metals through wetland food webs.

rch=Ambystoma+tigrinum

Cd ~0.2 mg/Kg Cd Below detection limit

metamorphosis paedomorphosis

 NDSU Agriculture Research Center, Minot, Summer 2006  MS222, 10% Formalin,70% Ethanol  Dissection, stomach removal, and content analysis

 Larval V.S. Transformed – Significant Difference in Stomach mass and Content  Male V.S. Female – No significant difference  Juvenile V.S. Adult – No significant difference  Head width  Stomach Content Mass  Snout Vent Length (SVL)

What They Eat

Food Profile for Larval Ambystoma tigrinum Food Profile for Transformed Ambystoma tigrinum

Food Profile for Larval Ambystoma tigrinum 61.4%

~ 400 known species mm in length Live in nearly all inland freshwater bodies Feed on organic material found in sediment particles R. Brusca &G. Brusca, Invertebrates, second edition, 2003, Sinauer Associates, Inc pp Simmons/pages/Cladoceran.htm

Food Profile for Larval Ambystoma tigrinum Food Profile for Transformed Ambystoma tigrinum 2.7% 37.2%

~ 25,000 known species. Most are parasitic but some are free-living. Live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments. Species found were ~15-30 mm in length The free living forms feed on the fungi and bacterial R. Brusca &G. Brusca, Invertebrates, second edition, 2003, Sinauer Associates, Inc pp

Food Profile for Larval Ambystoma tigrinum Food Profile for Transformed Ambystoma tigrinum 15.8% 6.2%

Live throughout North America and most commonly found in cool and clear streams. However, is not the case for us, our individuals were in a pond environment mm in length Filter feeders, feeding fungi and bacteria. J. Voshell, Jr., A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America, 2002, The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company pp

Food Profile for Larval Ambystoma tigrinum Food Profile for Transformed Ambystoma tigrinum 18.5% 5.6%

Live throughout North America in light flowing freshwater mm in length Predatory feeders. J. Voshell, Jr., A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America, 2002, The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company pp. 305 Live throughout North America in freshwater in ponds, lakes, marshes, and diches mm in length Predatory feeders. J. Voshell, Jr., A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America, 2002, The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company pp

 Identify Nematode species  Analyze individuals from other ponds  Stomach content of terrestrial individuals  Adequate pond samples

Sharon Denks (FBCC) Dwight Blackhawk (FBCC) Erica Goodbear (FBCC) Jay Fisher (NDSU Ag Station) Brittany Blackmore (MSU) Michael Poitra (MSU) Chris Beachy (MSU) Alexandra Deufel MSU) Kenneth Cabarle (MSU) Janel Richter (MSU) Charles Crites (MSU) Leah Crites (MSU) Drew Henry (MSU) Judd Entzel (MSU) Claude Ouedraego (MSU) Derek Lentz (MSU) Ryan Winburn (MSU) Naomi Winburn (MSU) Amanda LaFountain (MSU) Jack Carraher (MSU) Tylor Persson (MSU) Pam Clarkson (MSU) Karen Pocha-Melby (MSU) Jenny Brandt (MSU) Steve Thuner (MSU) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS