Geothermal Potential in Europe...as seen by us in Enex, by:Lárus Elíasson, CEO....

Enex Owned by GGE and REI Active in: –Germany, Wolfratshausen/Munchen –Hungary –Slovakia –... –USA Los Angeles –China Beijing

Geothermal is: Stable Secure Base load Infrastructure Economical size of source is depend on the energy price

Geothermal can serve: 1,2% of EU-27 total energy consumption 1% from EU-27 power consumption 1,5% of EU/EEA-33 total energy consumption 2,7% of EU/EEA-33 power consumption

Depending on energy prices Energy cost related to Gas and Oil Oil currently $100/barrel crude Higher energy prices will stimulate both direct use and power generation Relationship likely power of 2

Direct use Critical factor is distance from user to source Geothermal as base load, peak with fossil or biomass Very stable and secure once installed Banelogy and other uses also considered but mainly district heating

Renewable rank: Hydro large scale Wind onshore Wind offshore Biomass (Hydro)Geothermal Biogas Biowaste Small scale hydro Solar Tidal etc.

Most impact MWel Iceland Italy1.000 Turkey 740 Greece 450 Hungary 380 Germany 200 Portugal 200 Bulgaria 200

Most impact TWh Germany 40 Poland35 Iceland25 Turkey25 Slovakia15 Hungary15 Austria 8 Rumania 8 Netherlands 8

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Most impact % of total energy Iceland>50% Hungary10% Slovakia7% Rumania 6% Poland5% Bulgaria5% Turkey5% Slovenia 4% Greece3% Austria3% Germany 2%

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Data From various published sources plus our own research These are preliminary results Our study to be published this summer most likely at the EGC 2008 conference

Assumptions Only hydrothermal included Hot dry rock or enhanced geothermic utilization not included. Heat pumps not included THANK YOU !