Friday, January 9, 2009 Warm-up TURN IN YOUR STUDY GUIDE! Pick up an article, read it, and answer the following: 1. What tissue can the HIV virus penetrate? 2. Why can the virus penetrate the skin in this area? 3. What do scientists hope to do in the future based on the results of this study? 4. How can a sexually active person prevent the spread of HIV? 5. Using complete sentences, summarize this article.

Standards/Goals/Agenda State Standard: A combination of state standards in genetics (state standards 2-5) and physiology (state standards 9-10), as well as the district mandated sex ed program. Goals: Students will be able to list and explain common STDs. Students will be able to understand the spread and prevention of STDs. Agenda: 1. Warm-up 2. Discuss common STDs 3. Video on STDs 4. Closure/Review

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs) STDs are among the most common infectious diseases in the US today. The US has the highest rate of STDs in the industrialized world. 2/3 of all infections occur in people under 25 years of age. 1 in 7 teens contract an STD each year. You cannot tell by looking at someone whether he or she has an STD.

STDs can be caused by bacteria or by viruses. These pathogens thrive in dark, warm, moist body areas. They are also found in body fluids including blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Some STDs have no symptoms. Some STDs can be treated and cured, some cannot. All STDs require medical treatment.

How STDs are spread People get STDs through intimate sexual behavior with an infected partner (oral sex, anal sex, vaginal sex) or through skin to skin contact. STDs can be passed from an infected woman to her child during pregnancy, birth, or through breast feeding.

Bacterial STDs Bacterial STDs are caused by bacteria and are treatable with antibiotics. Bacterial STDs include Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and Syphilis.

Chlamydia A woman’s cervix inflamed due to Chlamydia

Chlamydia Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STD in the US. The highest rates of infection are between 15 and 19 year olds. The bacteria lives in semen and vaginal secretions, and is transmitted through any sexual activity that involves these fluids.

Symptoms of Chlamydia Most infections (50-67%) are silent, causing no symptoms. Men and women may experience abnormal genital discharge or pain during urination within 2 to 3 weeks of exposure. Women can get PID: pelvic inflammatory disease which leads to infertility. Men can develop pain and swelling in the testicles.

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Chlamydia can be tested for by a doctor. It is treated and cured by antibiotics. Using condoms can reduce the risk of transmission. Many doctors recommend that all sexually active individuals, and their partners, get tested regularly, even in the absence of symptoms.

Gonorrhea White pus-like discharge from the penis

Gonorrhea A bacterial STD that grows in the reproductive tract, oral cavity, and rectum. Spread during sexual activity, through fluids such as sperm and vaginal fluid.

Symptoms of Gonorrhea Symptoms, if they develop, appear 2 to 10 days after infection. Women experience painful urination; yellow, bloody vaginal discharge; abdominal pain; vomiting; fever; and PID leading to sterility. Men experience white pus-like discharge from the penis, burning during urination, itching, and painful bowel movements.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Doctors can screen for gonorrhea using diagnostic testing of urine. Antibiotics are available to treat gonorrhea. Using condoms consistently and correctly during sexual intercourse can reduce the risk of transmission.

Syphilis Syphilis sore on the tongue.

Syphilis Caused by bacteria, syphilis used to cause death. Open sores form at the site of infection, and then the bacteria spreads through the body, damaging organs. Transmitted through direct contact with the sore of an infected person to the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals, mouth, or anus.

Symptoms of Syphilis Primary syphilis involves the formation of a sore or chancre (shan-ker) 2 to 6 weeks after exposure (inside or outside the body). Secondary syphilis is marked by a skin rash, fever, fatigue, and sore throat. Latent and tertiary syphilis can develop over time, if not treated. Bacteria can damage the heart, nervous system, eyes, brain, and joints; and can result in mental illness, blindness, heart disease and death.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Syphilis is treated with penicillin, administered by injection. A pregnant woman with syphilis can pass the infection to an unborn child. 25% of pregnancies result in stillbirth, and the remaining 40-70% yield a syphilis-infected infant. Any contact with open sores must be avoided to prevent the spread of the disease. These sores may be inside the body, and therefore not visible. Using a condom can reduce the risk of transmission.

Viral STDs Viral STDs are caused by viruses and cannot be cured. They can be treated and symptoms may be reduced or eliminated, but the virus will remain in the body for life. HPV (genital warts), Herpes, HIV, and Hepatitis are viral STDs.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Genital Warts

Human Papilloma Virus and Genital Warts HPV is one of the most common STDs in the world. 24 million Americans are infected. More than 60 types of HPV have been identified. HPV can cause genital warts or cervical cancer.

Symptoms of HPV 2/3 of people who have sex with a partner with genital warts will develop warts within 3 months of contact. Warts occur on the inside and outside of the vagina or on the cervix. On men, warts can appear on the penis or scrotum. Warts can also develop on the mouth or throat of a person who has oral sex with an infected person, and be transmitted by skin to skin contact. HPV can cause cervical cancer.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Genital warts can be diagnosed by visual examination. Women should also be examined for HPV infection of the cervix. Warts can be treated with topical creams, frozen off, burned off, or removed by a laser or by surgery. The only way to prevent HPV infection is to avoid direct contact with the virus, which is transmitted by skin to skin contact. A condom provides some protection.

Herpes

20% of Americans have genital herpes. Sores and blisters occur on the sexual organs and the mouth. Herpes is spread through kissing an infected person, sharing utensils, glasses, or toothbrushes, or through sexual contact. The virus can be transmitted by a person who is infected by has no visible symptoms!

Symptoms of Herpes Many people have no symptoms. Sores and lesions can appear on the vagina, cervix, and penis. Sores are painful and often accompanied by fever, headache, and difficult urination. The virus can travel to other sites on the body, and can reoccur throughout a person’s lifetime.

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Sores can be treated with topical medication. People with early signs of a herpes outbreak or with visible sores should not have sex until sores have healed completely. Between outbreaks, using condoms may offer partial protection.

HIV and Hepatitis Viral diseases that may not have any noticeable symptoms. Hepatitis A can live on counter tops and bathrooms surfaces. Hepatitis C is transmitted through sexual fluids. Symptoms, if they appear, may not show up until months or years after infection, and can be flu-like. These diseases cannot be cured, can be passed to other partners, can be passed during childbirth, and can result in serious illness and death.

When to go to the doctor When you become sexually active-get regular STD check ups Unusual discharge or odor Sores, blisters, or bumps near the sex organs or mouth Pain or burning during urination or bowel movements Pain in the pelvic area or lower abdomen Burning or itching around your sex organs Swelling in your groin Flu like feelings, with fever, chills, and aches

If you have any of these symptoms, stop having sex. Go to an STD clinic or your health care provider.

Prevention of STDs Not having sex is the best way to protect yourself from STDs Have a mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected partner Avoid alcohol and other drugs that can affect decision making Look closely at your partner for any signs of STDs, including rashes, sores, or discharges. Have regular check-ups (and have your partner get them too) Know the signs and symptoms of STDs Use a latex condom for all types of sex-if you are sexually active, carry condoms with you. If you have an STD, your partner(s) must get tested and treated too. If you have an STD, don’t have sex until your treatment is complete.

Closure State Standard: State Standard: A combination of state standards in genetics (state standards 2- 5) and physiology (state standards 9-10), as well as the district mandated sex ed program. Goals: Students will be able to list and explain common STDs. Students will be able to understand the spread and prevention of STDs.