INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October INGAS 24-Month Meeting Brussels October Integrated GAS powertrain - Low emission, CO2 optimised and efficient CNG engines for passenger cars (PC) and light duty vehicles (LDV) Grant agreement no SPB2 M. Weibel, K. Kallinen, M. Rink, M. Certic Partners: Ecocat, Delphi, Katcon, AVL, Daimler, USTUTT, ICSC-PAS, POLIMI Aftertreatment for Passenger Car CNG Engine

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October AFTERTREATMENT B2 (DAI) Aftertreatment for Passenger Car CNG Engine Focus on CH4 abatement Assessment of Options for NOx Abatement (NSC) Validator Project Structure

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October SPB2: References and Objectives    Main focus: Catalyst activity under = 1 conditions related to SPA2 objectives

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Counter current HEX with 3-way catalyst (TWC) SPB2: Technical Approach Methane air Cold start burner TWC - Integrated system (catalytic coated HEX) - Amplification of adiabatic temperature rise - Efficient control of catalyst operation temperature 3. Engine measures - for faster light-off without fuel penalty - Lambda strategies for enhanced CH4 conversion TWC 2. Improved catalyst material for better CH4-lightoff Three technological approaches for improving the methane conversion

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October SPB2: Technologies and Approach Development of specific active methane oxidation catalysts (WPB2.2) Catalyst preparation (precious metal and metal oxide technologies) Test of powdered catalysts, structured catalysts, substrates (metal and ceramics) Characterization studies Development of a dedicated thermal management system (WPB2.3) Design and set-up of an integrated exhaust gas heating device (catalytic coated HEX) Modelling of heating device and catalytic combustion, simulation of behaviour Manufacturing, testing and optimisation of HEX Development of operation strategies on engine test bench (WPB2.4) Identification of engine measures for faster light-off Testing of catalyst materials and HEX Optimization of operation strategies for improved CH4-Conversion Demonstration of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for Euro 6 (WPB2.5) Set-up of CNG engine and vehicle with the exhaust aftertreatment system (transient bench) Optimization of the catalyst heating including cold-start Demonstration of the system performance (Euro 6 legislation) in NEDC on engine test bench Validation of the catalyst activity in a vehicle configuration for Euro 6 compliance (SPA2)

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Reasons for delay: DB2.10 delayed from month 21 to 28: Optimization of HEX design – technical improvement of thermal inertia DB2.11 delayed from month 22 to 27: Availability of engine test bench/mechanical engine problems and delayed delivery HEX1/Catalysts DB2.12 delayed from month 24 to 28: Optimization of catalyst formulations and availability of engine test bench MB2.2 delayed from month 18 to 27: Coupled to DB2.11 no critical delay in deliverables: MB2.3 will be completed SPB2: Deliverables/Milestones

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October SPB2: Presentation WP Activities WPB2.2: Advanced Catalyst DevelopmentK. Kallinen, Ecocat Partners: Ecocat, Polimi, ICSC-PAS, Daimler WPB2.3: Exhaust heating/Catalyst ConceptsM. Rink, USTUTT Partners: USTUTT, Delphi, Katcon, Daimler, Ecocat WPB2.4: Engine Testing/EAT System ManagementM. Certic, AVL Partners: AVL, Daimler Conclusion, RoadmapM. Weibel, Daimler

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October months meeting Brussels – Belgium October 2010 Results summary WPB2.2 Advanced Catalyst Development ECOCAT/POLIMI/ICSC-PAS/DAIMLER InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Objectives New catalyst formulations for methane oxidation –Light off temperature below 350°C –High thermal and sulfur stability Development of a modelling tool for methane oxidation, delivery of kinetic data and control strategy for methane Development of coating methods for up scaling and canning

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Mixed oxides: Spinels, perovskites, hexaaluminates, pillared clays –Cu, Mn, Co, Cr, Ce, Zr, Pd, La, Al, different stoichiometries) Novel Pd-based formulations based on: –Identification of effective activation process –Definition of role of support and active metal load (Al 2 O 3, CeO 2 -Al 2 O 3, La 2 O 3 - Al 2 O 3, ZrO 2 ) –Modification of active phase Physical and chemical characterization –XRD, FT-IR, SEM/TEM, TG/DSG/DSC, BET,XPS, ICP-OES, TPR Catalytic testing under relevant boundary conditions –Activity tests with different operation strategies -Sulfur poisoning -Hydrothermal ageing InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Strategies, materials and methods

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Over 100 mixed oxide based catalyst formulations, over 150 catalytic tests (powder samples) Best catalysts are based on CuMn system and show activity exceeding the activity described in literature for mixed oxide catalysts Pd (6% loading) from organic precursor supported on modified alumina showed activity better than the reference

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 At 1/3 Pd loading (2% w/w vs 6.3% w/w) CH 4 conversion is slightly lower than the reference catalyst Pd based catalysts: effect of support and Pd loading (powder samples) Significantly higher conversion perfomances have been obtained with 6% w/w Pd/CeO 2 -Al 2 O 3

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Up-scaling and coating of the catalyst materials on the metal foil CuMn 2 O 4 + Alumina + Binder CuMn 2 O 4 + Alumina + Binder + Pd Reference Catalyst + Pd CuMn 2 O 4 6-Pd/CeO 2 -Al 2 O 3 Good coating abilities found on the metal surface Combarable adhesion compared to the reference 6-Pd/CeO 2 -Al 2 O 3 + Binder

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Laboratory testing for the new materials – Laboratory light off tests (25-600°C): as fresh and LS-1030°C/20h aged (LS = lean 10 min + stoichiometric 50 min; CO, CO 2, H 2 O, C 3 H 6, O 2, N 2 ) Stoich. λ=1 Lean λ=1,78 O 2, %0,810 NO, ppm H 2 O, %108 CO 2, %97,5 CO, ppm H 2, ppm2800- CH 4, ppm C 2 H 6, ppm C 3 H 8, ppm-100 C 2 H 4 O, ppm-150 Samples are containing 195 g/cft Pd loading corresponding Pd loading in 200 g/cft 0:39:1 Pt:Pd:Rh reference catalyst

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Pd-CeO 2 -Al 2 O 3 material in light off test at lean (fresh) Significant performance improvement achieved in respect of the reference λ=1 tests as well as tests for the aged catalyst samples are in progress

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October The effect of Platinum addition in reference catalyst –1,2 liter E4 bi-power vehicle with CNG over NEDC (ageing 40/80 h RAH) InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Increased catalyst durability found

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 SampleFreshS-poisoning*Lean 750°C Rich 600°C Ecocat74%**28%15%50% Pd/Al 2 O 3 68 %3%17%39% Pd/CeO 2 -Al 2 O 3 70%3%10%55% Pd/La 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 63%3%6%47% Pd/ZrO 2 47%0%42%37% *1 g 300°C; ** Conversion data under lean 350°C All the samples suffer for the sulfur poisoning Significant regeneration achieved under rich conditions at 600 °C S-poisoning/regeneration behaviour (powder samples)

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Effect of Sulfur poisoning on Ref. catalyst DeSOx1: λ= 1 up to 750°C DeSOx2: λ= 0.9 up to 750°C => Stoichiometric desulfation leads to nearly complete sulfur removal

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Identification of superior and more stable CH 4 conversion performances under -sweep ( ) than under constant feed conditions -sweep Constant feed Improvement by the operation strategy (reference catalyst)

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 Ideal operation point is correlated to temperature and lambda Sligthly rich operation under transient conditions improves CH 4 conversion Improvement by the operation strategy (reference catalyst)

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 NOx Storage Catalyst Regeneration of NSC possible with methane above 400°C Hydrogen can be produced by engine and it enables the regeneration at lower temperatures

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2 The samples for the first round tests in engine bench Samples for the test in AVL: Ceramic substrates 152,4 X 101,6 x 76,2 mm V = 0,93 dm 3, 600 cpsi, 3,5 mils Washcoat K5.7, 50 g/m 2 : –Sample 1: 170 g/cft Pt:Pd:Rh 0:40:1 –Sample 2: 200 g/cft Pt:Pd:Rh 0:39:1 –Sample 3: 200 g/cft Pt:Pd:Rh 1:38:1 –Sample 4: 300 g/cft Pt:Pd:Rh 0:59:1 Coated by Ecocat – canned by Catcon

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Conclusion –Developed mixed oxides are better than systems described in the literature but not alternatives for Pd based catalysts –Novel active Pd based formulations have been indentified and scaled up for real catalytic testing, showing better performances than the reference catalyst –Additional Pt on reference catalyst improved durability –Sulfur poisoning is an issue for the Pd based catalysts, but regeneration is feasible –Operation strategy based on optimal controlling of lambda oscillation provides improvement of catalyst performances –Deliverables DB2.4 CH 4 kinetics/model and DB2.7 Catalyst samples Gen. 1/new formulations InGas 24 months meeting: SPB2/WP2.2

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October InGas 24month meeting Oct. 27 th /28 th 2010 Brussels WPB2.3: Exhaust heating/Catalyst concepts USTUTT/DELPHI/DAIMLER/KATCON

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Improvement of operation strategies (cold start) based on simulation model Outline / focus of 2 nd year activity Experimental investigation of laboratory scale hex (USTUTT)  Identification of three main cold start strategies (DB2.9) (USTUTT) Successful development/manufacturing of bench scale prototype + setup (DELPHI / USTUTT / ECOCAT / KATCON) Design improvements for 2 nd generation hex Task B2.3.2 Task B2.3.1/2.4.1 Task B2.3.3 Cold start experiments

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.3.3: Experimental investigation of lab scale EAT FIC Air H2H2 CH 4 FIC TIR TC Hood TIR FID PIR General conditions: Air flows up to 30 m 3 /h CH 4 conc. up to 5000 ppm Inflow temperatures: 20 – 400 °C Fuel lean operation Hydrogen-assisted heat up Flowchart of test rig:  Measurement of axial temperature profiles, Δp, CH 4 conversion  Assess heat exchanger efficiency, i.e. determine amplification factor

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Strong influence of axial heat conduction in wall material! Relation between hex efficiency and Amplification factor: ICVT: 73 – 78 % Delphi: 71 – 78 % Both heat exchanger reach defined targets Development work  TB2.3.3: Experimental investigation of lab scale EAT T in = 278 – 293 °C; T max = 630 °C; y CH4,in = 3400 – 4400 ppm

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.3.3: Cold start experiments: Cold start burner 1.Standalone Investigation of Promeos cold-start burner : Characterization of stationary output (power, exhaust composition, mass flux) Ignition procedure (burner exhaust + secondary air) 2.Cold start experiments with attached heat exchanger: Burner exhaust + secondary air exit through outflow channels Same target temperature (600 °C) as for experiments before ÞLower values measured for CH 4 intake due to backpressure of hex ÞSetup with air fan and passive fuel dosage is not appropriate Burner replaced in favour of more reliable and promising cold start solutions!

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.3.2: EAT operation strategies / simulation work Development of different operation strategies with simulation tool. Details can be found in DB2.9 (EAT operation strategy I) Basic idea: replace cold start burner with bypass/flap setup: Normal mode:  Exhaust flows through inflow and outflow channels of hex Bypass mode (test bench only!):  Hex is separated from exhaust flow  Protection in case of engine malfunction Cold start mode:  Hot exhaust enters hex at U-turn and exits through outflow channels.  Cat. light-off can be further reduced with H 2 / CO – rich exhaust

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.3.2: EAT operation strategies / simulation work Bypass-Flap-Strategy simulated over complete NEDC: Exhaust via bypass from 0-80s During bypass phase, addition of hot gas flow After this phase, switch to normal mode EU 5/6 THC limits undercut in ANY case

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.3.2: EAT operation strategies / simulation work Simulation results were promising for bypass/flap strategy: System will be tested with 1st generation bench scale prototype at AVL Additionally, an electrically heated pre-cat will be implemented in the 2nd generation bench scale prototype: Emitec EMICAT ® In combination with hex, only short initial operation period required  Rapid heat up  Good controllability  No secondary emissions

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.3.2: EAT operation strategies / simulation work Electric heater strategy simulated over complete NEDC: Heater operation during bypass phase (0-80 s) After this phase, switch to normal mode EU 5/6 THC limits significantly undercut

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Main challenge during 2 nd year: Scale-up of manufacturing process, i.e.: Development work  TB2.3.1: Hex development Assembly of “tubes” and stack: 1 st brazing Attachment of header plates + 2 nd brazing:  DELPHI: Scale-up is delicate due to multiple brazing steps!

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.3.1: Bench scale prototype development  Different approach proposed: split hex core into 4 single modules  Total cross sectional surface is increased by a factor of 6.7  Similar GHSV as laboratory experiments Welding TWC

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.4.1: Bench scale prototype development  Uncoated, single core (1 of 4) after brazing:  Complete package after coating and welding: Insulation

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Development work  TB2.4.1: Design improvements for 2 nd generation hex Channel height 2.9 mm Channel width 50mm Number of tubes 14x4=56 Number of channels 27x4=108 Metal sheet thickness tubes 0.15 mm Metal sheet thickness fins 0.15 Cell density hex/coated part 133/250 cpsi Coated length 120 mm Overall finned length 301 mm Channel height 2.9 mm Channel width 50mm Number of tubes 14x4=56 Number of channels 27x4=108 Metal sheet thickness tubes 0.15 mm Metal sheet thickness fins mm Cell density hex/coated part 250/250 cpsi Coated length 100 mm Overall finned length 301 mm Gen. 1: Gen. 2: Benefits:  Lower thermal mass  reduced thermal inertia  Higher cell density  heat exchange surface increased  Decreased coated length  increased hex length  increased amplification

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Conclusions Simulation (Task B2.3.2):  Identification of EAT operation strategy on laboratory scale at USTUTT  Promeos burner tested with coupled heat exchanger Engineering (Task B2.3.4):  Cold start strategies identified for efficient hex heat up (DB 2.9 )  Identification of hex design improvements Experimental (Task B2.3.3):  1 st generation of laboratory and bench scale hex successfully manufactured by DELPHI, ECOCAT and KATCON (DB )  Design modifications for 2 nd generation defined

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Outlook Experimental (Task B2.3.3):  Tests with lambda-oscillations  Testing of 2 nd generation laboratory prototype:  Setup of bypass/valve system similar to engine test bench + Cold start tests Simulation (Task B2.3.2):  Further improvement / validation of simulation model, based on lab and bench scale tests  Basic investigation of NSC strategy  Simulations with non-NEDC data Engineering (Task B2.3.4):  2 nd generation bench and laboratory scale prototypes (DB 2.10)

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Month Meeting Brussels, Subproject B2, WPB 2.4 AVL/DAIMLER Status AVL (month 13-24) - Marko Certic, AVL List GmbH Alois Fuerhapter, AVL List GmbH INGAS Subproject SPB2

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Main objectives: –To do baseline tests as input for the catalyst development  –To perform engine tests with new TW catalyst formulations  –To perform engine tests with HEX system  –To develop operation / calibration strategies for HEX/EAT system  –To evaluate the emission potential of EAT system  Status Summary: –MCE engine is having various hardware problems causing delay also in A2 project (camshafts phasing, cylinder head damage, DI injector not stabile, blow-by system, valve train, cyl. head bolt threads in block) –Baseline testing performed both with DI and MPI, data evaluated and used as input for development of new catalyst coating formulas –EAT/CH4 catalyst evaluation started – 2 formulations are tested in preconditioned condition –HEX system on engine test bed ready for testing SPB2: Overview WPB2.4

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October SPB2: Baseline investigations with H 2 analysis No.NBMEPMDPWR -1/minbarNmkW

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October SPB2: HEX setup on the test bed HEX monolith Status of work Mechanical installation completed Test program defined in cooperation with DAI/USTUTT Exact operation with three flaps to be defined Flaps TWC (to compare sizes)

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October SPB2: Catalyst heating with strategy similar to DI gasoline engine No significant difference between DI and MPI for homogeneous operation Significantly lower gaseous emissions at same exhaust gas temperature for postinjection, but combustion stability and soot emission have to be improved N=1200 rpm BMEP= 1 bar

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October With DI technology cylinder unbalancing is possible, increasing CO and O 2 content which promote exothermic reaction in catalyst SPB2: Advanced operation strategy for Cat heating At the same (increased) CO content the strategy of unbalanced cylinders shows better combustion stability and better over all running smoothness N=2000 rpm BMEP= 2 bar

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Testing plan and measurement procedure defined together with Daimler EAT/CH4 catalyst testing steps –Evaluation of each catalyst formulation itself by exact defined procedure for advanced catalyst characterisation –Testing of advanced operation strategies cylinder unbalancing for enhanced exothermic CO reaction lambda oscillations (toggling) to simulate real life operation Following 2 samples tested at the moment –cat #1: commercial product with 300 g/cft –cat #2a: protoype cat with 170 g/cft Further 2 samples with different formulation are delivered to AVL last week and will be tested within the next weeks Measuring procedure to be improved if possible in order to shorten total time required per catalyst and to improve quality of resutls SPB2: EAT/CH4 Catalyst Evaluation

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Peak of conversion reached with rich mixture Exact positioning of conversion peak is temperature and/or engine operating point dependant Improvement of light off through adaption of lambda strategy Further improvement expected with usage of advanced engine operating strategies (cylinder unbalancing) Cat #2a Cat #1 SPB2: Lambda variations for TWC characterization Cat #2a Cat #1 Cat #2a Cat #1

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October Continuation of advanced catalyst testing according to test procedure –2 catalyst samples with 200 g/cft available and to be tested –1 catalyst sample with 300 g/cft is in procurement –2 additional sample open Tests with advanced operation strategies from combustion side (e.g. cylinder unbalancing) HEX System testing –basis evaluation same as for other prototype catalysts –development of the strategies for operation with HEX SPB2: Next Steps in WPB2.4 AVL (month25-30)

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October SPB2: Summary / Conclusion WPB2.2: Advanced catalyst development - Developed mixed oxides are better than systems described in the literature but not alternatives for Pd based catalysts - Novel active Pd based formulations have been indentified and scaled up for real catalytic testing, showing better performances than the reference catalyst - Additional Pt on reference catalyst improved durability - Sulfur poisoning is an issue for the Pd based catalysts, but regeneration is feasible - Operation strategy based on optimal controlling of lambda oscillation and lambda setting provide improvement of catalyst performances - Implementation of the NSC technology on a CNG engine possible. Regeneration of NSC with H2 generated in the rich phase

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October WPB2.3: Exhaust heating – Catalyst concepts - Identification of EAT operation strategy on laboratory scale - Cold start strategies identified for efficient HEX heat up - Identification of hex design improvements. Implementation on 2d generation HEX - 1st generation of laboratory and bench scale HEX successfully manufactured WPB2.4: Engine testing / EAT system management - Baseline testing performed both with DI and MPI - Engine measures for faster lightoff identified - EAT/CH4 catalyst evaluation started – 2 formulations are tested in preconditioned condition. Improvement of light-off through adaption of lambda strategy - HEX system on engine test bed ready for testing SPB2: Summary / Conclusion

INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain INGAS – SPB2 – 24-Month Meeting Brussels 27/28 October SPB2: Road Map Catalyst / HEX testing Catalysts tested: Pd/Rh 170 g/ft3 Pd/Rh 200 g/ft3 Pd/Rh 300 g/ft3 Pt/Pd/Rh 200 g/ft3 Catalysts tested: Pd/CeO2 200 g/ft3 Pd/CeO2 300 g/ft3 New formulation ? Catalysts tested: Best formulation