Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Elections: The Rules of the Game Running for Congress Running for President Money in U.S. Elections Improving Elections Chapter 9: Campaigns and Elections

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objective Elections: The Rules of the Game LO 9.1 Assess the implications of election rules in the United States. Running for Congress LO 9.2 Explain how congressional elections work and why they are generally not competitive. Running for President LO 9.3 Outline the stages in U.S. presidential elections and the differences in campaigning at each stage.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Money in U.S. Elections LO 9.4 Evaluate the influence of money in American elections and the main approaches to campaign finance reform. Improving Elections LO 9.5 Assess concerns regarding presidential elections and reforms that have been proposed. Chapter Outline and Learning Objective

Elections: The Rules of the Game LO 9.1 Assess the implications of election rules in the United States. Elections: The Rules of the Game Regularly Scheduled Elections Fixed, Staggered, and Sometimes Limited Terms Term Limits Winner Take All LO 9.1 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Elections: The Rules of the Game (cont.) Term Limits Winner Take All Elections: The Rules of the Game LO 9.1 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Elections: The Rules of the Game (cont.) The Electoral College Elections: The Rules of the Game LO 9.1 Back to Learning Objectives

Running for Congress LO 9.2 Explain how congressional elections work and why they are generally not competitive. Running for Congress Most congressional elections are not close. Competition is more likely when both candidates have adequate funding. Presidential popularity affects both House and Senate races during both presidential and midterm elections. LO 9.2 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Running for Congress (cont.) House of Representatives The Senate Running for Congress LO 9.2 Back to Learning Objectives

LO 9.2 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

LO 9.2 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Running for President Nomination The National Party Convention The General Election Running for President LO 9.3 Outline the stages in U.S. presidential elections and the differences in campaigning at each stage. LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Stage 1: Nomination Presidential hopefuls must make a series of critical tactical decisions. One of the hardest jobs for candidates and their strategists is calculating how to deal with the complex maze of presidential primaries and caucuses that constitutes the delegate selection system. Another decision candidates must make is whether to participate in partial public financing of their campaigns. Running for President LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Stage 1: Nomination (cont.) Presidential Primaries Caucuses and Conventions Strategies Running for President LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Stage 2: The National Party Convention The delegates elected in primaries, caucuses, or state conventions assemble at their national party convention. Despite the lack of suspense about who the nominee will be, conventions continue to be major media events. Acceptance speeches provide the nominees with an opportunity to define themselves and their candidacy. Running for President LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Stage 2: The National Party Convention (cont.) The Party Platform The Vice Presidential Nominee Running for President LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Stage 2: The National Party Convention (cont.) The Value of Conventions Nomination by Petition Running for President LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Running for President LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives Stage 3: The General Election Presidential Debates Television and Radio Advertising The Outcome

Money in U.S. Elections LO 9.4 Evaluate the influence of money in American elections and the main approaches to campaign finance reform. Money in U.S. Elections Election campaigns cost money, and the methods of obtaining the money have long been controversial. Scandals involving the influence of money on policy are not new. LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Efforts at Reform The Federal Election Campaign Act The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) Money in U.S. Elections LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Efforts at Reform (cont.) Soft Money Issue Advocacy Advertising Money in U.S. Elections LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Efforts at Reform (cont.) Section 527 and 501(c) Organizations Independent Expenditures Money in U.S. Elections LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives

LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Continuing Problems with Campaign Finance Rising Costs of Campaigns Declining Competition Money in U.S. Elections LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Continuing Problems with Campaign Finance (cont.) Increasing Dependence on PACs for Congressional Incumbents Candidates’ Personal Wealth Growth in Individual Contributions and Use of the Internet to Fund Campaigns Money in U.S. Elections LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives

Improving Elections LO 9.5 Assess concerns regarding presidential elections and reforms that have been proposed. Improving Elections Reforming Campaign Finance Reforming the Nominating Process Reforming the Electoral College LO 9.5 Back to Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

The Importance of Elections Elections matter in a constitutional democracy. Central to the functioning of a constitutional democracy like that in the United States is a system of fair elections that is well- administered. Individual citizens can make a difference in elections in many ways. Improving Elections LO 9.5 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Our electoral system is based on _____terms, meaning the length of a term in office is specified, not indefinite. A.Fixed B.Staggered C.Standard D.Clarified LO 9.1 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A.Fixed B.Staggered C.Standard D.Clarified Our electoral system is based on _____terms, meaning the length of a term in office is specified, not indefinite. LO 9.1 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman _______ is more important in a General Election A.Candidate Appeal B.Partisanship C.Wealth D.Issues LO 9.2 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman _______ is more important in a general election. A.Candidate appeal B.Partisanship C.Wealth D.Issues LO 9.2 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following statements is correct? A.Voters in primary elections are just like voters in the general election. B.Voters in primary elections are more partisan than voters in the general election. C.Voters in primary elections are usually non- partisan. D.Voters in primary elections are less partisan than voters in the general election. LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following statements is correct A.Voters in primary elections are just like voters in the general election. B.Voters in primary elections are more partisan than voters in the general election. C.Voters in primary elections are usually non- partisan. D.Voters in primary elections are less partisan than voters in the general election. LO 9.3 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman ________ is money spent by individuals or groups not associated with candidates to elect or defeat candidates for office. A.Soft money B.Hard money C.Union money D.Independent expenditures LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman ________ is money spent by individuals or groups not associated with candidates to elect or defeat candidates for office. A.Soft money B.Hard money C.Union money D.Independent expenditures LO 9.4 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Central to the functioning of a constitutional democracy like that in the United States is _______________. A.A system of fair elections B.A two-party system C.A single-member district winner take-all electoral system D.A proportional representation electoral system LO 9.5 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A.A system of fair elections B.A two-party system C.A single-member district winner take-all electoral system D.A proportional representation electoral system Central to the functioning of a constitutional democracy like that in the United States is ____________________. LO 9.5 Back to Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Text Credits 246: From Vital Statistics on American Politics, by Harold W. Stanley and Richard G. Niemi. Copyright © 2008 by Stanley and Niemi. Reprinted by permission of CQ Press. 247: From “Obama More Popular Abroad Than at Home, Global Image of U.S. Continues to Benefit” July 2010, by Pew Global Attitudes Project. Copyright (c) 2010 by Pew Global Attitudes Project, a project of the Pew Research Center. Reprinted with permission. 248: From VITAL STATISTICS ON AMERICAN POLITICS, by Harold W. Stanley and Richard G. Niemi. Copyright (c) 2010 by Stanley and Niemi. Reprinted by permission of CQ Press.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman 240: Mark Weber/Landov 244: Marla Brose/Albuquerque Journal/AP Photo 248: Ben Margot/AP Photo 255: Mark Wilson/Newscom 256: William Thomas Cain/Getty Images 257: Carlos Barria/Landov 261: to come 263: Teri Stratford/Six-Cats Research Inc. 266: Getty Images 270: Richard Clement/Landov Photo Credits