A Counselling Model for Group Facilitation William A. Borgen, PhD Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education University of British Columbia

Traditional Assumptions Regarding Career Development There are a series of individual attributes or traits that draw people to certain occupations. There are a series of individual attributes or traits that draw people to certain occupations. These attributes or traits are pivotal to effective and desired decision-making. These attributes or traits are pivotal to effective and desired decision-making. Occupations that match the vocational interest of individuals are accessible to them. Occupations that match the vocational interest of individuals are accessible to them. Occupations are stable enough in their characteristics for assessment instruments that match the traits of individuals with occupational characteristics are useful over time. Occupations are stable enough in their characteristics for assessment instruments that match the traits of individuals with occupational characteristics are useful over time. Once secured individuals have the capability to stay involved in desired occupations or career trajectories. Once secured individuals have the capability to stay involved in desired occupations or career trajectories.

Revised Assumptions Several factors influence choice of occupations or career paths, including individual attributes or traits, family perspectives, rapidly evolving cultural influences such as poverty, addiction, conflict, displacement and discrimination, along with internationalization and rapid change in labour market opportunities. Several factors influence choice of occupations or career paths, including individual attributes or traits, family perspectives, rapidly evolving cultural influences such as poverty, addiction, conflict, displacement and discrimination, along with internationalization and rapid change in labour market opportunities. These factors are differentially important within and across cultural contexts. These factors are differentially important within and across cultural contexts. Occupations of choice may not be accessible. Occupations of choice may not be accessible. Many tasks and processes related to occupations are unstable. Many tasks and processes related to occupations are unstable. People need the skills and attitudes required to successfully manage rapid and unpredictable changes that characterize many occupations and career trajectories. People need the skills and attitudes required to successfully manage rapid and unpredictable changes that characterize many occupations and career trajectories. Career Development is an emerging professional activity Career Development is an emerging professional activity

A Working Definition of a Group

THE GROUP COUNSELLING/FACILITATION MODEL

STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT Planning Stage Planning Stage Initial Stage Initial Stage Transition Stage Transition Stage Working Stage Working Stage Termination Stage Termination Stage

Group Goals and Activities Group Goals and Activities Group Goals and Activities Member Needs and Roles Member Needs and Roles Group Process Group Process Leadership Approaches and Skills Leadership Approaches and Skills Design Design

Developing the Design Operationalizing Goals Operationalizing Goals Time Frame Time Frame Determining the Setting goals? Determining the Setting goals? Developing and Sequencing Structured Learning Activities Developing and Sequencing Structured Learning Activities Checking the Design Checking the Design

The Importance of Group Processes Communication Communication Norms Norms Decision Making Decision Making Confronting the Problem Confronting the Problem Creative Conflict Resolution Creative Conflict Resolution Differences of Opinion Conflicts of Interest

MEMBER NEEDS AND ROLES

Communication Skills Worksheet