August 2008 Animal Agriculture as Science The Science of Animal Agriculture

August 2008 Land Grant and other events President Lincoln established the United States Department of Agriculture Hatch Act establishment of experiment stations Morrill Act provided public land and funds for establishing universities to teach practical methods of manufacturing and producing food and fiber.

August 2008 Land Grant Con’t 1914 Smith-Lever Act set up cooperative extension service Smith-Hughes Act established Vocational Agriculture in public high schools.

August 2008 The Scientific Method requires several steps Recognize a problem Develop hypothesis design an experiment collect data analyze data draw conclusions make recommendations

August 2008 Benefits of Research in Animal Science Food increase amount Relatively low prices for food

August 2008 Advancements made in Agriculture since 1925 Beef cattle live weight marketed per breeding female increased from 220 pounds to 482 pounds. Sheep live weight marketed per breeding female increased from 60 to 130 pounds. Milk marketed per dairy cow increased from 4189 to pounds. An increased of 2 1/2 times the amount of milk as in 1925.

August 2008 Some More Advances Made Swine live weight marketed per breeding female increased from 160 to 285 pounds. Time to produce a 220 pound hog has been reduced from days. The weight of marketed turkeys increased from 13.0 to 18.4 pounds. Broilers can reach market weight at 7 ½ weeks, down from 15 weeks. Amount of food needed to reach market weight was cut from 4 pounds to 2 pounds.

August 2008 Some more advances made Production per laying hen from increased from 112 to 232 eggs.

August 2008 Revolutionized Animal Agriculture Animal Immunization Refrigeration Artificial Insemination Embro Transfer Use of Computers

August 2008 Ways Livestock Research has Helped Humans Cortisone- relieves the suffering of arthritis made from the gallbladder of cattle Insulin- use for diabetics derived from hogs Heart Valves- pig heart valves are superior to mechanical valves because they do not accumulate as much residue.