Project Management

Projects „Unique, one-time operations designed to accomplish a specific set of objectives in a limited time frame.”

Processes in an organization Usual business processes Projects Routines & regular tasks Changes & Uncertainty

Main characteristics of projects Uniqe set of tasks and processes Narrow focus, specific performance objectives The end of the project is definite: Limited time-frame Objectives reached or it is proven, that objectives cannot be reached anymore Budget is limited It can be planned It is always risky

Project management Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. Project-like management: managing non-project processes as projects

Project Manager (Stevenson) Responsible for: Work (tasks) Quality Human Resources Time Communications Costs

Other roles in the project Project-coordinator: negotiate with the functional leaders, report to the project manager Project champion: strong person who promotes and supports the project Projectmanagement-team members Project-workers: deliver the tasks

Project Life Cycle (Stevenson) Concept Feasibility Planning Execution Termination Management

Project life cycle

Cost of changing in the life cycle Definintion Planning, preparation Implementation, execution Closing the project Costs Influence of the stakeholders Cost of changing Time

Project-management tools

Problem tree diagram A problem tree is a problem analysis tool that illustrates the cause and effect relationship of problems using a hierarchical tree diagram. by arranging the problem statements in hierarchical order and depicting the problem statements in a boxed article.

Problem-tree

Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram A Fishbone Diagram is a problem analysis tool that illustrates the cause and effect relationships of problems and is often use in the quality management discipline.

Objective tree An objective tree is an objective formulation tool that depicts graphically the hierarchy of objectives. It is formulated by initially inverting the statements found in the problem tree (often used in tandem).

Logical Framework Matrix Pre-conditions    4. Activities (inputs) 3. Outputs (results) 2. Immediate objective 1. Startegic goal 4. Risks and assumptions 3. Means of verifi-cation 2. Indicators 1. Objectives-structure

Work Breakdown Structure a tool used to define and group a project's discrete work elements (or tasks) in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the project

GANTT charts A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Some Gantt charts also show the dependency relationships between activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings, or colored lines and a vertical "TODAY" line.

GANTT charts ID Activities Who is responsible? Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9 10. 11.

GANTT charts 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. time activities

GANTT charts

GANTT charts 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. time Activities today

The Network Diagram Network (precedence) diagram Activity-on-arrow (AOA) Activity-on-node (AON) Activities Events

The Network Diagram Path Critical path Critical activities Slack Sequence of activities that leads from the starting node to the finishing node Critical path The longest path; determines expected project duration Critical activities Activities on the critical path Slack Allowable slippage for path; the difference the length of path and the length of critical path

Project Network – Activity on Arrow 1 2 3 4 5 6 Locate facilities Order furniture Furniture setup Interview Hire and train Remodel Move in AOA

Project Network – Activity on Node 1 2 3 5 6 Locate facilities Order furniture Furniture setup Interview Remodel Move in 4 Hire and train 7 S AON

Network Conventions a b c d Dummy activity

Time Estimates Deterministic Probabilistic Time estimates that are fairly certain Probabilistic Estimates of times that allow for variation

Deterministic time estimates 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 weeks 6 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 9 weeks 11 weeks 1 week Locate facilities Order furniture Furniture setup Interview Hire and train Remodel Move in

Solution Critical Path

Probabilistic Time Estimates Optimistic time Time required under optimal conditions Pessimistic time Time required under worst conditions Most likely time Most probable length of time that will be required

1-3-4 a 3-4-5 d 3-5-7 e 5-7-9 f 2-4-6 b 4-6-8 h 2-3-6 g 3-4-6 i 2-3-5 c Optimistic time Most likely Pessimistic

Sample: a research-project Survey on students Task 1: literature overview Task 2: design questionaire Task 3: collect a sample of subjects Task 4: printing questionaires Task 5: fieldwork Task 6: analyse data Task 7: writing up Task 8: prepare a presentation Task 9: presenting to the customer

AOA Network diagram What is its AON version? 6 10 b a 2 f 5 9 c e 4 d

Solution?