2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 1 Topic 2: Introduction to Object-Oriented Approach Reference: u Ch.16 Current Trends in System Development (Satzinger: Systems Analysis & Design in a Changing World, 4 th Edition) u Appendix B (C. Tsang: Object-Oriented Technology from Diagram to Code with Visual Paradigm for UML)

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 2 Learning Objectives 1. Describe the features and characteristics of the Unified Process (UP) 2. Recognize features of the Unified Modeling Language (UML)

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 3 1. The Unified Process (UP) u Object-oriented system development methodology (system development process) u Offered by Rational / IBM, UP developed by Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson u UP is an iterative, evolutionary and adaptive method u Project will be use-case driven and modeled using UML

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology The Unified Process Life Cycle u UP life cycle l Includes 4 phases which consist of iterations l Iterations are “mini-projects” u Inception – develop and refine system vision u Elaboration – define requirements and design and implement core architecture u Construction – continue design and implementation of routine, less risky parts u Transition – move the system into operational mode

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 5 The Unified Process Life Cycle (Figure 16-1)

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology UP Phases and Objectives (Figure 16-2)

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology The UP Disciplines u UP defines disciplines used within each phase u Discipline – set of functionally related development activities u Each iteration includes activities from all disciplines u Activities in each discipline produce artifacts – models, documents, source code, and executables u Learning CIS/MIS means learning techniques from these disciplines

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology The UP Disciplines (continued) u Six main UP development disciplines l Business modeling, requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment u Three additional support disciplines l Project management, configuration and change management, and environment

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 9 UP Disciplines Used in Varying Amounts in Each Iteration (Figure 16-3)

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 10 UP Life Cycle Model Showing Phases, Iterations, and Disciplines (Figure 16-4)

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 11 Iterative and Evolutionary One iteration Requirements Design Implementation& Test&Integration &More Design Final Integration &System Test Requirements Design 3weeks(for example) The system grows incrementally. Feedback from iteration N leads to refinement and adaptation of the requirements and design in iteration N+1. Iterations are fixed in length,ortimeboxed. Time Implementation& Test&Integration &More Design Final Integration &System Test

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology The Unified Modeling Language (UML) u is a set of diagrammatic techniques, specifically tailored for object-oriented development, u has become an industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems u has been approved as a development standard by the Object Management Group

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology The UML diagrams u Use case diagram l Captures the requirements of the system being developed l How the system interacts with the users u Class diagram l Used to describe the types of objects and their relationships by providing a static and structural view of a system in terms of classes and relationships u Interaction diagram l Two types of interaction diagrams: the sequence diagram and the collaboration diagram l How the objects interact to achieve the functionality of a use case

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology The UML diagrams (continued) u Activity diagram l Used to model workflow and computational flow l Used to elaborate the execution flow of a use case u State diagram, or state machine diagram l Represents state machines from the perspective of states and transitions, describing all the possible states that a particular object can get into and how the object’s state changes as a result of events that affect the object u Component diagram l Show the different software components of the system and the dependencies between them

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology The UML diagrams (continued) u Package diagram l A package contains UML diagrams and may contain other packages, Related diagrams are usually grouped in a single package u Deployment diagram l Used to describe the runtime mapping of software components to the hardware resources (nodes)

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 16 Relationships between the UML models Activity Diagram Use Case Interaction Diagram Class Diagram State Diagram elaborated by realized by Textual Analysis realized by described by use summarize

2 2009/10 Object Oriented Technology 17 Summary u UP is an Object-oriented system development methodology u UP projects are modeled using UML u UML specifies a variety of diagrams to capture the static, dynamic and behavioral aspects of a system