International FAIR Boris Sharkov FAIR / MEPhI Scientific Managing Director, Lomonosov MSU 2015 Sweden FranceIndia Finland GermanyPoland UK Romania Russia Slovenia

UNILAC SIS18 SIS100/300 p-Linac HESR CR & RESR NESR Cryring Rare-Isotope Production Target Anti-Proton Production Target 100 m Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research 2 FAIR – new international research laboratory to explore the nature and evolution of matter in the Universe

The FAIR Project 3

UNILAC SIS18 SIS100/300 p-Linac HESR CR & RESR NESR Cryring Rare-Isotope Production Target Anti-Proton Production Target 100 m Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Primary Beams /s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238 U /s 238 U 73+ up to 35 GeV/u 3x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons Secondary Beams Storage and Cooler Rings radioactive beams antiprotons GeV/c, stored and cooled Technical Challenges cooled beams, rapid cycling superconducting magnets range of radioactive beams up to GeV/u; up to factor higher in intensity than presently antiprotons GeV 4

Facility for Antiproton & Ion Research 5 Dense Bulk Plasmas (Ion-beam bunch compression & petawatt-laser) Dense Bulk Plasmas (Ion-beam bunch compression & petawatt-laser) Materials Science & Radiation Biology (Ion & antiproton beams) Materials Science & Radiation Biology (Ion & antiproton beams) Accelerator Physics UNILAC SIS18 SIS100/300p-Linac HESR CR & RESR NESR Cryring Rare-Isotope Production Target Anti-Proton Production Target 100 m QCD-Phase Diagram (HI beams 2 to 45 GeV/u) QCD-Phase Diagram (HI beams 2 to 45 GeV/u) Hadron Physics (Stored and cooled 14 GeV/c anti-protons) Hadron Physics (Stored and cooled 14 GeV/c anti-protons) Nuclear Structure & Astrophysics (Rare-isotope beams) Nuclear Structure & Astrophysics (Rare-isotope beams) Fundamental Symmetries & Ultra-High EM Fields (Antiprotons & highly stripped ions) Fundamental Symmetries & Ultra-High EM Fields (Antiprotons & highly stripped ions)

Steering company International Convention Partners FAIR GmbH SwedenFranceIndiaFinlandGermanyPolandUKRomaniaRussiaSlovenia Wiesbaden,

The 4 Scientific Pillars of FAIR APPA: Atomic, Plasma Physics and Applications CBM: Compressed Baryonic Matter NUSTAR: Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions PANDA: Antiproton Annihilations at Darmstadt 7

The FAIR Project 8 NUSTAR radioactive ion beams NUSTAR radioactive ion beams PANDA antiproton beams PANDA antiproton beams CBM relativistic nuclear collisions CBM relativistic nuclear collisions APPA ions, antiprotons APPA ions, antiprotons

Collaboration Members by Country 9 In total: 2500 – 3000 Users from about 50 countries

APPA Atomic, Plasma Physics and Applications  About 700 members  Wide field of science basic research to material, biological and medical applications 10 APPA Atomic Physics SPARC: 284 members from 26 countries FLAIR: 144 members from 15 countries Plasma Physics HEDgeHOB & WDM: 175 members from 16 countries Materials Research and Biophysics BIOMAT: 110 members from 12 countries

APPA Science Case Highest Charge States Extreme Static Fields Relativistic Energies Extreme Dynamical Fields and Ultrashort Pulses High Intensities Very High Energy Densities and Pressures High Charge at Low Velocity Large Energy Deposition Low-Energy Anti-Protons Antimatter Research 11 planetary interiors... states of matter common in astrophysical objects extreme conditions... radiation hardness and modification of materials Plasma Bio aerospace engineering... radiation shielding of cosmic radiation Materials anti-matter... matter / anti- matter asymmetry strong field research... probing of fundamental laws of physics Atomic Physics SPARC FLAIRHEDgeHOB/WDM MAT/BIOMAT BIO/BIOMAT

NUSTAR Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions  About 800 members 12 NUSTAR Super- FRS

13 NUSTAR – Physics Case Nuclear structure Underlying QCD structure → complex nucleon-nucleon force Study of exotic short lived nuclei far off stability (proton/ neutron skins or halos, new magic numbers...) → Pave way for theoretical framework with predictive power for nuclei beyond experimental reach Astrophysics Origin of the heavy elements? Physics of stellar explosions (core-collapse, thermonuclear supernovae, nucleosynthesis) Compact objects and the explosions on their surfaces (x-ray bursts)

GSI FRS  FAIR Super-FRS Super-FRS FRS

PANDA Antiproton Annihilations at Darmstadt  About 500 members 15 PANDA Uniqueness of anti-p probe (no other anti-p facility in this energy range in the world)

PANDA Physics Case Gluonic excitations  Hybrids, glueballs Charmonium states  Precision spectroscopy Time-like  Form factors, nucleon structure In medium mass modifications  Extension to the charm sector Extension of nuclear chart  Double hypernuclei And much more Direct resonant formation of states with all non-exotic quantum numbers. excellent precision in mass and width measurement

Comparison with Other Techniques e+e- –direct formation limited to J(PC) = 1(- -) –limited resolution for masses and widths for non vector states –sub-MeV widths very difficult or impossible –high L not accessible high-energy (several TeV) hadroproduction – high combinatorial background makes discovery of new states very difficult – width measurements limited by detector resolution B decays (both for e+e- and hadroproduction) – limited J(PC) – C cannot be determined since not conserved in weak decay Inti LehmannFAIR, 95th ECFA, 25/7/201417

18 PANDA Experimental Set-Up Fixed target magnetic spectrometer experiment Beam Interaction point Interaction point Target Spectrometer Forward Spectrometer Solenoid Dipole

CBM Compressed Baryonic Matter  About 400 members 19 CBM

CBM Physics Case The equation-of-state at high baryonic density New phases of strongly-interacting matter Deconfinement phase transition at high baryonic density QCD critical endpoint Onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high baryonic density Strange matter 20 Courtesy of T. Hatsuda FAIR RHIC, LHC

CBM scientific program: Exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities which is „terra incognita“  large discovery potential at SIS100/300. Experimental approach: High-precision measurements of multi-differential observables including particles with small cross sections for a variety of beam energies and collision systems. Status of experiment preparation: Prototype detector performances fulfil CBM requirements. TDRs: 1 recommeded for approval, 3 in evaluation, 2 to be submitted soon. Funding: Substantial part of the CBM start version for SIS100 is financed (incl. applied funding).

Particle multiplicity x branching ratio for min. bias Au+Au collisions at 25 A GeV (from HSD and thermal model) SPS Pb+Pb 30 A GeV STAR Au+Au  s NN =7.7 GeV Driving CBM experimental requirements in precision and rates Experimental challenges

?? 2017 Fixed target: L-limited by detectors Colliders: scale of L, in cm -2 s -1 SIS-18 (GSI) Nuclotron-M (JINR) SPS (NA-49/61, CERN) AGS (BNL) RHIC (BNL) Booster (JINR) NICA (JINR) SIS-100 (FAIR) SIS-300 (FAIR) for Au+Au √S NN, GeV Existing and future HI accelerators 23 CBM – NICA co-operation agreement

ExperimentEnergy range (Au/Pb)Reaction rates (Hz) (BNL)  s NN = 7 – 200 GeV 1 – 800 (CERN)  s NN = 6.4 – 17.4 GeV 80  s NN = 4.0 – 11.0 GeV ~6000 kin = 2.0 – 4.5 A GeV10 5  s NN = 2.7 – 8.3 GeV E kin = 2.0 – 35 A GeV 10 5 – 10 7 Experiments on superdense nuclear matter Experiment Observables (Au+Au at  s NN = 8 GeV) (BNL)Pions, kaons, protons, hyperons (CERN)Pions, kaons, protons, hyperons kaons, protons, gammas, (multi- strange) hyperons, electron pairs ? kaons, protons, gammas, (multi- strange) hyperons, electron pairs, open charm, charmonium

Dipol magnet Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector Transition Radiation Detectors Resistive Plate Chambers (TOF) Electro- magnetic Calorimeter Silicon Tracking Stations Tracking Detector Muon detection System Projectile Spectator Detector (Calorimeter) Vertex Detector Inti Lehmann25FAIR, 95th ECFA, 25/7/2014 CBM Detector

Modularised Start Version (MSV) 26 APPA CBM/HADES NUSTAR PANDA Modules M0: SIS100 M1: APPA M1: CBM/HADES M2: NUSTAR M3: PANDA, NuSTAR, APPA M0 M1 M2 M3 Cost about 1.6 billion by 2018 (1 billion 2005 Euros)

Funding Modules All numbers in 2005 € escalation until 2018 ca. +50% i.e. about € 1.6 billion Most contributions in- kind Discussions with Spain and Italy on-going Interested parties ESA, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, China, Turkey, Brazil, Ukraine, S Korea, Japan, USA

B. Sharkov28

Google Earth for FAIR km Civil Construction: Satellite’s View 29 TypeMass (t) Soil out m Soil in m Concrete m Reinforcement steel t Other t

Accelerator’s Status Progressing well SIS 100 dipoles  First series del.+tested SIS 100 sextopoles  Dubna prototype HEBT magnets  Efremov, St Petersburg SIS 100 quadrupoles  JINR, Dubna 30

Conclusions o Despite of certain delay FAIR is progressing well. o Rich scientific program and discovery potential already at MSV with beams from SIS100. o FAIR will explore "unknown territory" of the QCD phase diagram with unprecedented precision. o Versatile detector configurations for optimal performance are under construction. o Day-one physics with start version for high interaction rates in preparation. o Strong an experienced international collaborations are active, more scientists expected to join in the coming years. 31

FAIR Science Sketch QCD phase transition - CBM temperature time Hadron structure - PANDA Hadron structure - PANDA Astrophysics and nuclear structure - NUSTAR Astrophysics and nuclear structure - NUSTAR Atomic, applied and plasma physics - APPA Atomic, applied and plasma physics - APPA big bang 32

Thank you for attention ! 33