Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语 & indirect speech

引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式 : 一是原封不动地引用原话, 把它放在括 号内, 这叫直接引语 (Direct speech); 一 是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语 (Indirect speech). 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式 : 一是原封不动地引用原话, 把它放在括 号内, 这叫直接引语 (Direct speech); 一 是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语 (Indirect speech).

一、陈述句直接引语变间接引语 （一）直接引语如果是陈述句，在变为间接引 语的时候，用连接词 that 引导，从句中的人称、 时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要 做相应的变化。 1 、人称的变化。如： She said, “your pronunciation is better than mine.” She said that my pronunciation was better than hers.

人称变化 I he/sheme/you him/her my his/ herwe they us themour their mine his/hersmyself himself/herself ours theirsourselves themselves

2 、时态的变化。 如： “Frank, I came to return you the book,” Henry said. Henry told Frank that he had come to return him the book. Kitty said, “I’ll call again after supper.” Kitty said that she would call again after supper.

时态变化例句 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “I walk to school.” He said that he walked to school. 现在进行时 过去进行时 He said, “I am walking to school.” He said that he was walking to school. 现在完成时 过去完成时 He said, “I have walked to school.” He said that he had walked to school. 一般过去时 过去完成时 He said, “I walked to school.” He said that he had walked to school. 过去完成时不变 He said, “he had walked to school.” He said that he had walked to school. 一般将来时 过去将来是 He said, “I will walk to school.” He said that he would walk to school.

3 、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词 的变化。如： She said, “I will come here again tonight” She said that she would go there again that night.

在直接引语中在间接引语中 指示代词 this / thesethat / those nowthen today, tonightthat day, that night this weekthat week 时间状语 yesterdaythe day before last weekthe week before two days agotwo days before (earlier) tomorrowthe next (following) day next weekthe next (following) week 表地点的词 herethere 动词 comego bringtake

（二）由直接引语转变为间接引语, 下 列情况时态不变 : 1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0 ℃.” → The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0 ℃.

2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” → He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.

3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.” → The teacher said that World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.

4. 部分情态动词 ( 无过去式的情态动词 ), 如 must, ought to, used to, had better 等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” → She said that I must hurry up.

1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didn’t like computers. Exercise I

3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.

1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looks…today B. you look…today C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day Exercise II

2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.” We told her that ___ through the street ___. A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now C.they were walking…then D. they walking…now

3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that __ a long way __. A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week C. I walked…last week D. he has walked…this week

4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that __ take it back ____. A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day C. he should…tomorrow D. he would …the next day

5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were we…this B. that we were…that C. if were we …this D. if we were…that

6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked ____ about _____. A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…the week before C. what he had herd… a week ago D. if he heard…the week ago

7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time

8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ____ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your

9. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ____ yet. A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here

10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise