Carbohydrates Elements: C,H,O in 1:2:1 ratio

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates Elements: C,H,O in 1:2:1 ratio Generally in the shape of a hexagon or pentagon Monomer: Monosaccharide (simple sugars - glucose) Polymers: Disaccharide – 2 monosaccharides (complex sugars - sucrose) Polysaccharide – many monosaccharides (starch, cellulose) Names end in –ose Ose= sugar Sacchar = sugar

Monosaccharides Use: quick energy Foods: fruits (Fructose), candy (glucose), milk (Galactose) Produced: process of photosynthesis in the organelle chloroplast Your brain runs on glucose!

Simple sugar foods

Disaccharides Use: quick energy Foods: Table sugar (sucrose) Malt sugar (maltose - forms from breakdown of starches including grains) Milk sugar (lactose – think lactose intolerant) Produced by plants storing products of photosynthesis process carried out in the chloroplast – think maple syrup

Simple sugar foods

Polysaccharides Uses: quick energy, (but more stable to store than glucose) and structure (cell walls of plants made of cellulose) Foods: Potatoes, bread, pasta (starch), Bran Fiber (cellulose indigestible for humans) Produced by the liver from excess blood sugar and made by plants into cell walls from glucose made during photosynthesis by the chloroplast

Starchy foods Carbohydrates are digested in the mouth and small intestine using amylase. Amyl = starch Ase = enzyme (break down)

Construct a Carbohydrate With a partner use marshmallows and toothpicks to construct the following molecules: Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide (4 glucoses long) You must have me check each molecule before moving on.