 What is the long-term impact of the Triangle shirtwaist Factory fire? How might this tragedy have been prevented? Bell Ringer

{ Social Progressivism

 Journalists and authors who investigated and brought attention to social conditions and political corruption  Varying levels of respect Muckrakers Bad parts of society Muckraker Journalists

 Jacob Riis - “How the Other Half Lives”  Illustrated the destitution of the tenements  Lincoln Steffens – “The Shame of the Cities”  Exposed public corruption (political machines) in major cities  Ida Tarbell – The History of the Standard Oil Company  Credited with hastening the breakup of Standard Oil  Ida B. Wells - "Southern Horrors: Lynch Laws in All Its Phases”  Drew attention to Jim Crow and lynching in the South Muckrakers in Action

{{ Booker T. Washington  Equality for African Americans through economic advancement  Founder of the Tuskegee Institute W.E.B. Du Bois  Equality for through political and governmental changes  Created the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) African American Equality

Muckrakers in Action  Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906)  Details the plight of the immigrant working class in the meat-packing district of Chicago  Goal: Draw attention to treatment of working class  Reaction: Disgust over dirty manufacturing processes

Effects of The Jungle  Meat Inspection Act (1906)  Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

 Sought to improve conditions in cities according to Biblical principles (charity, justice)  YMCA - Young Men’s Christian Association  Organized Bible studies, prayer meetings, citizenship trainings, fitness activities Social Gospel

 Settlement houses: Homes where middle class residents lived with and helped poor residents  Medical care, English classes, hot lunches, etc.  Jane Addams and Hull House (Chicago, 1889) The Social Gospel

 Temperance Movement: Aimed to curb the consumption of alcohol and teach people about the dangers of alcohol.  Developed into the Prohibition movement (abolish alcohol completely) The Temperance Movement

 Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU)  Led by Francis Willard  First mass organization among women devoted to social reform  First mass organization among women devoted to social reform  Saw alcoholism as a sign of larger social problems vs. personal weakness  Carrie A. Nation  Radical member of the temperance movement  Destroyed saloons with a hatchet while singing and praying with her followers The Temperance Movement Takes Off

 Anti-Saloon League: The leading organization to lobby for prohibition in the United States  Supporters: Protestants, South, rural areas  Opponents: City dwellers, immigrants  18th Amendment - Prohibition (1919) Prohibition Takes Over

{ Women ‘s Suffrage

Mostly urban, middle class women Mostly urban, middle class women Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Declaration of Sentiments Declaration of Sentiments Grew out of the abolitionist movement Grew out of the abolitionist movement Fight for Women’s Suffrage

Time to Organize!  National American Woman’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)  State-by-state laws replaced with national amendment  Led by Carrie Chapman Catt  Became the League of Women Voters

 Difficulty was convincing men it was a good idea  Suffrage seen as unfeminine and immoral  National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage  Helen Kendrick Johnson

Votes for Women!  National Women’s Party  Led by Alice Paul  More radical than NAWSA  Picketed the White House after entrance into WWI  Occoquan Workhouse

{ Presidential Progressivism Making Progress at the Top

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Break up trusts that drove up prices and hurt labor Ensure that products were made safely for the consumer (e.g. Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act) Ensure the protection and conservation of natural resources and landscapes TR - Most Progressive President of his time

 TR’s conservationism inspired by childhood adventures outdoors  Became great friends with naturalist John Muir  Created the first national parks and wildlife preserves TR the Naturalist

TR the “Trust Buster”  Determined to eliminate powerful trusts  “Good trusts” vs. “Bad trusts”  “Good”: US Steel (Carnegie)  “Bad”: Northern Securities Co. (Morgan)

Taft Fun Facts  First President to throw out the ceremonial first pitch at a baseball game  “Invented” the 7 th inning stretch  The only President to serve in all three branches of the Federal Government  …but get stuck in the bathtub one time, and that’s all they ever remember!

 Hand-selected by TR to succeed him  Bigger trust buster than TR (pun intended )  All trusts are bad  Attacked US Steel  Caused TR to seek a third term to fix the damage done by Taft William Howard Taft

Bull Moose Party  Progressive Party  Regulation of industry  Labor protection  Conservation  Expansion of democracy (women’s suffrage)  Nicknamed the Bull Moose Party after TR