© 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Intercultural Communication in Contexts Third Edition Judith N. Martin and Thomas K. Nakayama Arizona State University CHAPTER Slide 1 7 Nonverbal Codes and Cultural Space

Slide 2 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Chapter Summary Defining Nonverbal Communication: Thinking Dialectically The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior Defining Cultural Space

Slide 3 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Comparing Verbal and Nonverbal Communication 1. Both are symbolic, communicate meaning, and are patterned. 2. Nonverbal behavior operates at a subconscious level. Defining Nonverbal Communication

Slide 4 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Comparing Verbal and Nonverbal Communication (cont.) 3. Most nonverbal meanings and behaviors are learned through implicit socialization. 4. Nonverbal behaviors can reinforce, substitute, or contradict verbal behaviors. Defining Nonverbal Communication

Slide 5 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill What Nonverbal Behavior Communicates 1. Relational messages 2. Status and power 3. Deception Defining Nonverbal Communication

Slide 6 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill What Nonverbal Behavior Communicates (cont.) 4. Nonverbal communication is pervasive, unconscious, and communicates how we feel about each other. Defining Nonverbal Communication

Slide 7 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior Recent Research Findings 1.Similarities and differences between humans and primates 2.Similarities between blind children and seeing children

Slide 8 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior Recent Research Findings, cont. 3. Cross-cultural similarities in facial expressions 4. Variations in nonverbal behaviors and the contexts in which nonverbal communication takes place

Slide 9 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior Nonverbal Codes 1. Proxemics: The study of how people use personal space. a. Contact cultures b. Noncontact cultures

Slide 10 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior Nonverbal Codes (cont.) 2.Eye contact regulates interpersonal contact and communicates meanings about respect and status. 3. Facial expressions

Slide 11 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior Nonverbal Codes 4. Chronemics concerns concepts of time and the rules that govern its use. a. Monochronic b. Polychronic 5. Cultures vary in the emphasis placed on speaking and silence.

Slide 12 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Universality of Nonverbal Behavior Cultural variation or stereotype? Semiotics and nonverbal communication

Slide 13 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Defining Cultural Space Cultural space is the particular configuration of the communication (discourse) that constructs meanings of various places. –Cultural identity and cultural space Home Neighborhood Regionalism

Slide 14 © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Changing Cultural Space –Travel –Migration Postmodern Cultural Spaces Defining Cultural Space