Bond Types

Bond Types: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Identify 5 different bond types 2. Explain each bond type 3. List 3 differences between a polar covalent and non-polar covalent bond

What is a bond? Electrical attraction between nucleus of one atom and valence electrons of a different atom Electrical attraction between nucleus of one atom and valence electrons of a different atom

Ionic Bonds Transfer of electrons from the metal (cation) to the nonmetal (anion). Transfer of electrons from the metal (cation) to the nonmetal (anion). Electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions Electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions Ion = a charged particle Ion = a charged particle

Cation Cation = + charged particle Cation = + charged particle –Loves to give electrons away –Low Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity & Electronegativity –Typically are metals

Ionic Bonds (cont.) Anion = - charged particle Anion = - charged particle –Loves to accept electrons –High Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity & Electronegativity –Typically are nonmetals

Ionic Bonds (cont.) Ionic Compounds are polar fall apart (dissociate) in water Ionic bonds fall apart (dissociate) in water –Fall apart into cations and anions –Will conduct electricity Electronegativity difference Max value is 4 (Fluorine)

Ionic Bonds (cont.)

Covalent Bonds Formed when 2 nonmetal atoms share electrons

Polar Covalent Bonds Unequal sharing of electrons Unequal sharing of electrons

Polar Covalent Bonds Electrons attracted more to the atom with the higher electronegativity EN difference range >0.3 – 1.7 Polar Covalent Bonds dissolve in water Don’t fall apart into ions No conductivity

Non-polar Covalent Bonds Equal sharing of electrons EN difference is (0 – 0.3)

Non-polar Covalent Bonds Usually found between diatomic molecules – two of the same atoms Non-polar covalent bonds don’t dissolve in water and no conductivity. Can be a solid, liquid or gas

Metallic Bonds Bond formed between metal atoms. Bond formed between metal atoms. Larger outer electron shells-which overlap Larger outer electron shells-which overlap Electrons are free to move within electron clouds of all metal ions = Electrons are free to move within electron clouds of all metal ions = Sea of Electrons Electrons are delocalized – they don’t belong to any one atom anymore. Electrons are delocalized – they don’t belong to any one atom anymore.

Metallic Bonds

Bond Types: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Identify 2 intermolecular bond types 2. Explain each bond type

Hydrogen Bonds Intermolecular bond – attraction between 2 different molecules Intermolecular bond – attraction between 2 different molecules The hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is The hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another electronegative atom in a different molecule H is usually bonded to F, O, or N in a molecule and attracted to F, O, or N in a different molecule This is a weak bond

Hydrogen Bond Example:

Van der Waals Bonds These bonds can contain Noble Gases These bonds can contain Noble Gases Very weak bonds Very weak bonds Electrons of large Noble Gases get shifted to one side because of the constant movement of electrons Electrons of large Noble Gases get shifted to one side because of the constant movement of electrons This causes it to attract a slightly positive atom that is nearby. This causes it to attract a slightly positive atom that is nearby.

Van der Waals Bond Example:

What type of bond contains an active metal (far left) and a nonmetal? 1. metallic 2. covalent 3. ionic 4. hydrogen

What type of bond contains a nonmetal bonded with a nonmetal? metallic covalent ionic hydrogen

What type of bond would form the alloy, pewter, with tin and lead? 1. metallic 2. covalent 3. ionic 4. hydrogen 5. Vander der Walls

What type of bond would form when a hydrogen atom in the molecule is attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another molecule? 1. metallic 2. covalent 3. ionic 4. hydrogen 5. Vander der Waals

N 2 is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent

N 3- is a(n)? anion cation diatomic molecule polyatomic ion

Na + is a(n)? anion cation diatomic molecule polyatomic ion

CsCl is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent

Fe with Cr is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent

H 2 O is an example of a(n) ___ bond? 1. metallic 2. polar covalent 3. ionic 4. nonpolar covalent