Таshkent Medical Academy Department of Communal Hygiene and Labour Hygiene from Communal hygiene lecture for 4-year students Subject: Hygienic characteristic techniques and methods to improve the quality of drinking water.

The main task of purifying water from open water reservoirs is to fully release it from the slurry and thereby make the transparent color and reduce to a level where it becomes invisible and decontaminated water The main task of purifying water from open water reservoirs is to fully release it from the slurry and thereby make the transparent color and reduce to a level where it becomes invisible and decontaminated water.

Under water purification in preparation for its drinking water supply understand decrease impurity concentration to a level that ensures the safety and harmlessness of human demand for water, ie, to the level of hygienic standards. Under water purification in preparation for its drinking water supply understand decrease impurity concentration to a level that ensures the safety and harmlessness of human demand for water, ie, to the level of hygienic standards.

The main methods of cleaning the surface source are :

Rainwater or water intake, structures are divided into 3 types Rainwater or water intake, structures are divided into 3 types : 1) Coast 2) streamflow; 3) Buckets

The task of receiving waters - to create a reservoir from which water can climb pumps in terms of protection from damage and the oscillation mode of the reservoir, as well as delay the coarse suspended dirt on lattices at the inlet and grids to suction pipes pumps. The task of receiving waters - to create a reservoir from which water can climb pumps in terms of protection from damage and the oscillation mode of the reservoir, as well as delay the coarse suspended dirt on lattices at the inlet and grids to suction pipes pumps.

The usual scheme of water treatment at waterworks using water from open reservoirs, Presley - blowing the following tasks The usual scheme of water treatment at waterworks using water from open reservoirs, Presley - blowing the following tasks : 1) Relief of suspended solids and colloidal impurities to improve its organoleptic properties, especially transparency and color; 2) Ensuring the safety of water in epidemiological terms.

coagulation water Coagulation is the process of enlargement, the aggregation of colloidal and fine impurities of water due to their mutual adhesion by the forces of molecular attraction. coagulation water Coagulation is the process of enlargement, the aggregation of colloidal and fine impurities of water due to their mutual adhesion by the forces of molecular attraction.

Coagulation impurities water accelerates clarification and discoloration. As the coagulants used chemical reagents which are a charge opposite of colloidal particles in water. Coagulants form a colloid rapidly coagulated flocs form precipitates. Coagulation impurities water accelerates clarification and discoloration. As the coagulants used chemical reagents which are a charge opposite of colloidal particles in water. Coagulants form a colloid rapidly coagulated flocs form precipitates.

The three most common coagulants are - aluminum sulfate (alumina sulfate) Al2 (SO4) 3 * 18H2O; - Iron sulfate (iron oxide) FeSO4 * 7H2O; -сhlornoe iron FeCl3 * 6H2O.

The most widely used in many water pipes aluminum sulfate. In water, it is hydrolyzed and reacts with the bicarbonate of calcium and magnesium salts (bicarbonate), which define the so-called disposable rigidity and alkalinity. The most widely used in many water pipes aluminum sulfate. In water, it is hydrolyzed and reacts with the bicarbonate of calcium and magnesium salts (bicarbonate), which define the so-called disposable rigidity and alkalinity.

The amount of lime calculated so that in the water after the reaction with a slight excess coagulant remained alkalinity. The amount of lime calculated so that in the water after the reaction with a slight excess coagulant remained alkalinity.

The optimal dose of coagulant its called the fewest (in mg) required to lightening and bleaching 1l. water to compliance with its requirements of GOST "drinking water". The optimal dose of coagulant its called the fewest (in mg) required to lightening and bleaching 1l. water to compliance with its requirements of GOST "drinking water".

One method of improving the process Coagulation is the use of high-molecular flocculants. These flocculants are activated silicic acid, alkaline starch, sodium alginate and A number of synthetic drugs copolymers of acrylic. One method of improving the process Coagulation is the use of high-molecular flocculants. These flocculants are activated silicic acid, alkaline starch, sodium alginate and A number of synthetic drugs copolymers of acrylic.

Septic tanks are divided into: 1) Horizontal 2) Radial 3) Vertical

water Filtration water Filtration Filtration - following the coagulation and sedimentation technique for releasing water from the suspended solids are not detained in the first stages of cleaning. Filtration - following the coagulation and sedimentation technique for releasing water from the suspended solids are not detained in the first stages of cleaning.

1 - The bottom (through the drainage area) 2 Top, filtered discharged through drainage pipes with slots incorporated in the thickness of sand on the border between the upper and middle third of the download. Fast filters with two-way filtering (AKH). Water is supplied at the same time:

The basic amount of water is fed through the bottom layer of gravel, filter performance abruptly withdrawn-Chiva The basic amount of water is fed through the bottom layer of gravel, filter performance abruptly withdrawn-Chiva.

Contact clarifier - loaded with gravel and sand on combines the processes of coagulation, clarification and filtration. Contact clarifier - loaded with gravel and sand on combines the processes of coagulation, clarification and filtration.

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