Chapter 24, Section 3: Americans in Battle Main Idea: The United States did not enter the First World War until 1917, but its fresh troops and supplies helped the Allies to victory.

A. Hard Times for the Allies l Revolution in Russia- In 11/17, the Bolsheviks (Communists), led by V.I. Lenin, seized power in Russia. Russia withdrew from the war. l Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- Russia and Germany agree to stop fighting each other. l Germany is now able to concentrate on the Western Front (fighting against France & Britain)

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918: Delivering the Goods · Russia signed the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk with Germany and dropped out of the war.Treaty of Brest- Litovsk · Germany then sent their troops on the Eastern Front to the Western Front.

CommunismCommunism – a theory that supports the elimination of private property and the equal distribution of goods Facts: · Created by the German philosopher Karl Marx. Karl Marx Karl Marx · Supports the violent revolution of the working class against the “bourgeois” ruling class.bourgeois · Led by a single, authoritarian political party. authoritarian

B. Americans in France l General John J. “Blackjack” Pershing led the American forces, which mostly operated independently from the other Allied troops l Harlem Hell Fighters – African American regiment that had to fight with the French because American soldiers wouldn’t Harlem Hell Fighters

“SWOOPING FROM THE WEST” GERMAN EAGLE (to German Dove): "Here, carry on for a bit, will you I'm feeling rather run down."

"True Sons of Freedom." by, Charles Gustrine (1918)

New York's famous 369th regiment (Harlem Hell Fighters) arrive home from France Honoring New York's famous 369th regiment (Harlem Hell Fighters)

C. Final Battles l Cantigny & Chateau- Theirry - drove Germans back from Paris l Belleau Wood - first major battle involving American troops; 3 weeks long l St. Mih iel l Argonne Forest - 47 days; costly victory- 100,000 casualties

* The Allied defense of Paris was the turning point of the war. Battle of Belleau WoodBattle of Belleau Wood – June, 1918 · This was the first battle involving U.S. troops. · The Germans were defeated after three weeks of battle. "American Marines in Belleau Wood” (1918) Georges Scott ( )

· The battle was fought in an attempt to push Germany further out of France. Battle of the Argonne Forest Battle of the Argonne Forest – Sept.-Oct., 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington “Paths of Glory” C.R.W. Nevinson

The Airplane The Zeppelin German U-Boat French Renault Tank New Weapons of WWI

French “Renault”- Light TankBritish “Whippet”- Light Tank British Tank - PrototypeBritish Tank Crosses a Trench

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers Machine Gun

Poison Gas French Poison Gas Dispenser British Soldier Wearing Gas Mask

Austrian 305mm Howitzer CannonAustralian Anti-Aircraft Gun 25 man American team moving heavy gun French “Dummy” Gun

D. Peace at Last l armistice- agreement to stop fighting l WWI ends at 11 am on 11/11/18 ( the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month) WWI ends l Between 10 & 13 million died in battle (50,000 American); over 20 million wounded; much of Europe ruined; flu epidemic in killed millions moreflu epidemic 11 a.m., 11/11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

· At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, Germany agreed to an armistice, ending World War I. Peace at Last

WWI Casualties

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died