Sec. 4: Life in the English Colonies

Colonial Government English colonies all had their own gov’t  English colonies all had their own gov’t  English Monarch had ultimate control English Monarch had ultimate control Privy Council: royal advisers that set English colonial policies Privy Council: royal advisers that set English colonial policies Each colony had a governor  most were chosen by the English King/Queen, some by proprietors Each colony had a governor  most were chosen by the English King/Queen, some by proprietors Very few (Connecticut)  elected their own governor Very few (Connecticut)  elected their own governor

1619  1 st colonial legislature in Virginia 1619  1 st colonial legislature in Virginia Split into two houses: 1. Council of State  members selected by advisory council and the London Co. Split into two houses: 1. Council of State  members selected by advisory council and the London Co. 2. House of Burgesses  members elected by colonists 2. House of Burgesses  members elected by colonists Virginia House of Burgesses Virginia House of Burgesses

Town meeting: center of politics where people talked about and decided on local issues ie. Paying for schools Town meeting: center of politics where people talked about and decided on local issues ie. Paying for schools English Bill of Rights: 1689-Parliament passed this act to reduce the powers of English Monarchs English Bill of Rights: 1689-Parliament passed this act to reduce the powers of English Monarchs

English Trade Laws  Parliament passed Navigation Acts limiting and controlling trade (ie. Forbidding certain trade items & imposing taxes)  Parliament passed Navigation Acts limiting and controlling trade (ie. Forbidding certain trade items & imposing taxes) Triangular trade: system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain & Africa Triangular trade: system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain & Africa Middle Passage: terrifying and deadly journey that brought millions of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean Middle Passage: terrifying and deadly journey that brought millions of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean

Triangular Trade

The Great Awakening 1730’s  spread of religion throughout the colonies by holding revivals & gatherings to hear sermons 1730’s  spread of religion throughout the colonies by holding revivals & gatherings to hear sermons Great Awakening: religious movement in colonies led by Jonathan Edwards of M.A. Great Awakening: religious movement in colonies led by Jonathan Edwards of M.A. Sermons about spiritual equality of all people tied in with religion. Sermons about spiritual equality of all people tied in with religion. Revivals were open forums to discuss political and social issues Revivals were open forums to discuss political and social issues Sec. 4……….notes continued

Enlightenment Enlightenment: movement that spread the idea that logic and reason could improve society Enlightenment: movement that spread the idea that logic and reason could improve society New ideas about the universe began the Scientific Revolution New ideas about the universe began the Scientific Revolution John Locke  philosopher who believed people had natural human rights like equality and liberty John Locke  philosopher who believed people had natural human rights like equality and liberty John Locke

The French & Indian War 1600’s – 1700’s  Great Britain and France were fighting over North American territory  conflict started in Europe and spread to the colonies 1600’s – 1700’s  Great Britain and France were fighting over North American territory  conflict started in Europe and spread to the colonies 1754  French & Indian war begins  British colonists wanted to take over French lands to control the fur trade 1754  French & Indian war begins  British colonists wanted to take over French lands to control the fur trade George Washington is defeated at Fort Necessity George Washington is defeated at Fort Necessity

Native American Allies Some Native Americans allied with the French colonists Some Native Americans allied with the French colonists felt relationship was good for trading felt relationship was good for trading Many N.A. trusted the French more than the English Many N.A. trusted the French more than the English

Treaty of Paris 1759  turning point in the war  British General James Wolfe captured Quebec 1759  turning point in the war  British General James Wolfe captured Quebec Treaty of Paris: signed by France and Britain in 1763 ending the war Treaty of Paris: signed by France and Britain in 1763 ending the war France  lost most of it’s power in N. America France  lost most of it’s power in N. America Spain  New Orleans & all French territory west of Mississippi R. Spain  New Orleans & all French territory west of Mississippi R. Britain  Canada & all French land east of Mississippi R. Britain  Canada & all French land east of Mississippi R. Britain placed all colonies under strict control  began taxing them to pay for the war Britain placed all colonies under strict control  began taxing them to pay for the war

Western Frontier Balance of power changes in N. America  British settlers began moving west Balance of power changes in N. America  British settlers began moving west Pontiac: Ottawa chief who opposed settlement in the new land Pontiac: Ottawa chief who opposed settlement in the new land 1763  began attacking the British on the frontier 1763  began attacking the British on the frontier Proclamation of 1763: issued by King George III banning British settlement west of the Appalachian Mts. Proclamation of 1763: issued by King George III banning British settlement west of the Appalachian Mts.