Gluconeogenesis Title - making glucose

Gluconeogenesis Glucose Glucogenic amino acids Lactate, pyruvate Glycerols (from triglycerides) Glucose All these precursors can be converted to glucose. Propionate (ruminants) Krebs cycle intermediates

Roles of Gluconeogenesis Provides glucose for the brain Recycles lactate after exercise Lactose synthesis in ruminants Carbohydrate polymers in plants and bacteria From CO2, acetate, fats, etc… Roles of gluconeogenesis.

Review of Glycolysis Review glycolysis

Review of Glycolysis More review glycolysis

Bypasses of “Irreversible” Glycolysis Steps

Bypasses of “Irreversible” Glycolysis Steps

Bypasses of “Irreversible” Glycolysis Steps

Cori Cycle: Lactate Salvage

Glucose-Alanine Cycle Alanine-glucose cycle

Gluconeogenesis from Stored Fats In plants Plants reactions Need glyoxylate cycle Animals can not make glucose from fat.

Gluconeogenesis from Stored Fats In animals Animal reactions

Gluconeogenesis from Propionate In ruminants Ruminants

Fate of Pyruvate: Regulation

Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis Reciprocal regulation Must be separately regulated to prevent futile cycle.

Reciprocal Regulation of PFK-1 and FBPase-1 Both enzymes allosterically regulated by Fru-2,6-bisP PFK-1 & FBPase-1

Regulation by Fru-2,6-bisP

Regulation by Fru-2,6-bisP

Fru-2,6-bisP as Regulator F2,6BP

What Regulates [Fru-2,6-bisP]? Indirectly regulated by the hormone glucagon Regulation of regulator

PFK-2 and FBPase-1: Same Protein! Two activities on same protein.