A – Chap. 9 Page 220 C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6O 2 → 6CO 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6H 2 O + ATP

= The process where the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and changed to ATP. ATP powers almost ALL cellular and body activities.

Where does it happen?  Mitochondria How does it happen?  3 Steps...

3. The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) 1. GLYCOLYSIS 2. The KREBS CYCLE!

1. Glycolysis --Takes place in the cytoplasm of cells --Breaks glucose (6-carbon) into two smaller compounds of Pyruvic Acid (3-carbon) and produces 2 ATP 2 pyruvic acid molecules 1 glucose

2. The Kreb’s Cycle If OXYGEN is present (aerobic)...then Takes place in mitochondria matrix --In this cycle, 3-carbon compound (pyruvic acid) and Oxygen are converted to CO 2, 2 ATP, and lots of high energy electrons

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3. Electron Transport Chain Takes place in inner membrane of mitochondria Takes place in inner membrane of mitochondria High Energy electrons (from Krebs) are passed through a chain producing LOTS + LOTS + LOTS + LOTS of High Energy electrons (from Krebs) are passed through a chain producing LOTS + LOTS + LOTS + LOTS of ATP (34)

What if after glycolysis, there is NO oxygen???? Anaerobic conditions lead to... Fermentation 1. Alcoholic2. Lactic Acid ***No more ATP produced after glycolysis

Summary Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvate Fermentation Ethanol & CO 2 Lactate Without O 2 With O 2 Kreb’s Cycle ETC (Net) 2 ATP 34 ATP (Produces the greatest amount of ATP!) (Cells make a limited # of ATP) Alcoholic

Summary

Summarizing Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6H 2 O + ATP

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration “Cycle” Products of one become reactants of the other!

Comparison of Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Function Sunlight and Make GlucoseGlucose into Energy Location ChloroplastMitochondria Cell Type Plant Cells, algaeALL Eukaryotes, some prokaryotes Processes that occur Light Reactions Calvin Cycle- (Dark Reactions) Glycolysis or Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Fermentation ETC Equation 6CO 2 +6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 6CO 2 +6H 2 O

How much energy do we make? In Cellular Respiration In Cellular Respiration –Anaerobic »Glycolysis- 2 ATP »Fermentation- 0 ATP –Total- 2ATP –Aerobic »Glycolysis- 2 ATP »Krebs Cycle- 2 ATP »ETC- 34 ATP –Total- 38 ATP

How do WE use Cellular Respiration? Quick Energy Quick Energy –Enough ATP to last about 50 meters in a race. –Lactic- Acid Fermentation takes over to produce energy –Produce energy for about 90 seconds. Long-Term Energy Long-Term Energy –Exercise longer than 90 seconds –Extra energy stored as carbohydrate glycogen for minutes of energy –Longer exercise body breaks down other stored molecules- mainly lipids.

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