Articulations Biology 2121 Chapter 8.

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Articulations Biology 2121 Chapter 8

General Information Joint (articulation) – where two or more bones meet or articulate Functions Mobility Protection Structural Classification Fibrous – no synovial cavity; fibrous CT Cartilaginous – no synovial cavity; cartilage Synovial – true joint cavity; Dense Irregular Tissue

Functional Classification of Joints (1). Synarthrosis Immovable joints (2). Amphiarthrosis Slightly moveble (3). Diarthrosis Freely moveable

Structural Classification – Fibrous Joints (1). Sutures Skull Dense fibrous CT Synostosis (2). Syndesmoses distal tibiofibular Interosseous membrane (3). Gomphoses “peg in socket” Teeth and alveolar processes

Structural Classification – Cartilaginous Joints (1). Synchondroses Hyaline cartilage Epiphyseal plate First rib and manubrium (2). Symphyses Ends of bones (hyaline cartilage) Fibrocartilage connects bones Midline of body Pubic symphysis Intervertebral joints (body of vertebrae

Examples (1). Synarthroses (2). Amphiarthroses (3). Diarthroses Sutures Teeth and alveolar processes Epiphyseal plate (2). Amphiarthroses Joint between tibia and fibula Pubic symphysis (3). Diarthroses Synovial joints (knee, hip, shoulder)

Structural Classification – Synovial Joints (1). Synovial Cavity Between articulating bones (2). Hyaline Cartilage Ends of bones (3). Capsule Encloses synovial cavity Fibrous (outer); synovial membrane (inner) (4). Synovial Fluid Contents Functions (5). Accessory Ligaments Extracapsular and Intracapsular Menisci

Synovial Joints (1). Nerve and Blood Supply (2). Bursae CT with synovial membrane Synovial-like fluid (3). Tendon Sheaths Tube-like bursae wrap tendons (4). Bursitis

Synovial Joint Types (1). Planar (2). Hinge Gliding movements Non-axial Examples Intercarpal; intertarsal Sternoclavicular (2). Hinge Hinge – type movement Uniaxial Knee, elbow, ankle

Synovial Joint Types (3). Pivot (4). Condyloid Uniaxial Example Atlas and axis joint (4). Condyloid Biaxial Wrist

Synovial Joints (5). Saddle Joints (6). Ball and Socket Biaxial Examples carpometacarpal (6). Ball and Socket Multiaxial Shoulder, hip

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