The visual representation of language How language works Involves reading Interdependent receptive and productive skills Difficult language skills required: Sentence construction Spelling Grammar Writing rules Style Register Vocabulary Organization

 What kind of writing do the students need?  Academic: critique, essays, test questions, research, note taking  Functional: letters, , fax, checks  What writing skills do students need?  Organization  Punctuation  Spelling  Form  Transition

 Beginning and Intermediate level students  Use clues, guidelines, photos, idea webs, charts, graphic organizers  Substitution sentences, form sentences, model writings, short replies, questionnaires, scrambled sentences, narratives from pictures or cartoons  Beginners: Progress from copying to writing short 5 sentence paragraphs  Beginner practice: forms, dictation, description, messages, simple sentences and simple combining  Intermediate students: Progress from short paragraphs to sentence paragraphs with topic sentence and conclusion.  Intermediate practice: Letters, reviews, dictation, simple note-taking

 Progress from one paragraph to a 4-5 paragraph essay  Advanced practice: letters, critiques, biographies, group writing, resumes, note taking  University skills: test essays, analysis, note- taking, research

 Creative writing with choice of topic  Brainstorming  Webs  Organizing ideas in order  Controlling the topic  Ideas for free writing:  Postcards  Complete a story starter – good for imagination  Narratives  Dear Abby  Diary or journal writing  Writing games  Internet writing activities

 Use editing symbols students will understand.  Students should rewrite:  Look for self error  Correct errors  To build self confidence  Use positive remarks to build writing confidence

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