Agricultural SMEs and Protection of New Varieties of Plants Professor Michael Blakeney Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute

Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)

CG Centre Collections CIAT –beans, cassava CIMMYT –maize, wheat CIP –potato and other Andean tubers ICARDA –legumes, wheat ICRISAT –pulses, groundnut IITA –Bamberra groundnut, cassava, banana, cowpea ILRI –forages IRRI –rice WAF (ICRAF) –trees WARDA -rice

CGIAR Biological Assets Parent germplasm (individual plant varieties) biological tools (eg selectable markers to determine transformation of plant cells) advanced mapping populations, near isogenic lines, introgression lines, mutants, advanced lines from conventional breeding, Inbred lines for hybrids, Transgenic lines enabling technologies promoters that are used to control expression of the gene in plants gene silencing or regulating technologies that can be used to suppress or modify gene expression in plants.

Recommendations on IP Management in the CG System: Identification of useful assets (IP audits) –Centre IP –Third party IP Securing ownership of IP by agricultural institutes –Constitutional power to own IP –Contracts with employees –Contracts with visitors Formulation of IP Policy Establishment of IP Management Structure IP audits