Warm up 1. What are some of the dangers of nuclear energy? 1. What are some of the dangers of nuclear energy? 2. Where does the energy for nuclear reactions.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The atom and its nucleus
Advertisements

Nuclear Chemistry A Short Study.
Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry
Cphys351 c4:1 Chapter 4: Atomic Structure The Nuclear Atom The Atom as the smallest division of an element quantization of electric charge oil drop experiments.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Objectives: SWBAT Identify three subatomic particles and compare their properties. Distinguish the atomic number of an element from.
20th Century Discoveries
Bell Work Please read section 6.6 pages
THE ROAD TO THE ATOM.
Nuclear / Subatomic Physics Physics – Chapter 25 (Holt)
Nuclear Energy Radioactivity and Half-Life FissionFusion.
Democritus: The Atom (around 400 BCE)
ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Atomic Structure All matter is composed of atoms. Understanding the structure of atoms is critical to understanding the properties of.
UNIT FOUR: Matter and its Changes  Chapter 12 Atoms and the Periodic Table  Chapter 13 Compounds  Chapter 14 Changes in Matter  Chapter 15 Chemical.
Radiation, nuclear fusion and nuclear fission
Why do YOU need to know about Nuclear Physics?
Atomic Models and Radioactivity NCEA AS 2.5 Text Chapters:
Integrated Science Chapter 25 Notes
PACS 2008 Unit: Atomic Structures Mr. Nylen Pulaski Academy High School 2008.
The Structure of the Atom And Electrons in Atoms
Chemistry: Matter and Chemical Bonding Early Atomic Theories.
Ttp:// Nuclear Chemistry.
What is Quantum Mechanics ? Quantum Mechanics describes the laws that govern the time evolution and the behaviour of any physical system. They are the.
Atomic Structure Chapter 4
Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity The result of an unstable nucleus Three main types –Alpha –Beta –Gamma.
Nuclear Chemistry.
NS1300 – Emergence of Modern Science The Atom. If you cut something in half, then half again, then half again, and so on, do you ever get to a point where.
T HE S TRUCTURE O F T HE A TOM Models and Theories Subatomic Particles Atomic Number and Mass Unstable Nuclei.
Subatomic Physics Chapter Properties of the Nucleus The nucleus is the small, dense core of an atom. Atoms that have the same atomic number but.
Atomic Stability. Isotopes Isotopes are atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nucleus. Cu Copper – 63 OR Copper.
The photon A “particle” of light A “quantum” of light energy The energy of a given photon depends on the frequency (color) of the light.
Radiation Nonionizing Ionizing
NUCLEAR CHANGES CHAPTER 7
Anatomy of an Atom Parts of an Atom Nucleus (positive, mass of 1 amu) Neutron (, mass of 1 amu) Electron Cloud Electrons (, negligible mass)
The Changing Models of the Atom
Chapter 9 Nuclear Chemistry. What is nuclear chemistry? Nuclear chemistry is all about what happens in the nucleus of an atom. In nuclear chemistry, neutrons.
Atomic Physics What is the ATOM???. MATTER = ATOM All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms are the smallest part of an element that keeps that element’s.
Modern Physics. Answer Me!!! How much energy does a photon have if the light beam has a wavelength of 720 nm?
Nuclear Power. Locations of Nuclear Power plants in the US.
Radioactive Decay Read pages THE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE Atoms are held together by.
Alpha Decay A Helium- 4 nucleus (two protons and two neutrons). Is produced by nuclear fission Massive nucleus breaks apart into two less-massive nuclei.
Nuclear Radiation 9.2. The Nucleus Protons and neutrons Charge of electrons and protons – x C = e –Proton +e –Electron -e.
Radiation Radiation: The process of emitting energy in the form of waves or particles. Where does radiation come from? Radiation is generally produced.
THE ATOM Smallest part of an element that has all of the properties of that element.
History of the Atomic Model
Atomic Concepts Review: Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. What’s the.
The Atom. I. Elements A. Are Pure substances made of only one kind of atomPure substances made of only one kind of atom.
Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Chemistry looks at the number of protons and neutrons in an atom Radioactive Decay = Spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus.
AtomsSection 3 Modern Models of the Atom 〉 What is the modern model of the atom? 〉 In the modern atomic model, electrons can be found only in certain energy.
MODELS OF THE ATOM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE  Anything that has mass and takes up space  If you did not know this definition, how would you describe.
The Model of the Atom
The law of conservation of mass states that:. The law of conservation of mass states that: matter cannot be created or destroyed. Only changed in form.
Chapter 9 Book Nuclear Changes #20. I. Nuclear Radiation Radioactivity – Nucleus emits one or more particles – Unstable nuclei Unstable – Nuclei has to.
Nuclear Energy SI. A. What does radioactive mean? 1. Radioactive materials have unstable nuclei, which go through changes by emitting particles or releasing.
Chapter 32 The Atom and the Quantum Herriman High Physics.
Ch.28: Read Section 1 Ch.29: 4, 7, 27, 41. Ch.30: Read Sections 1-3.
Greek Philosop hers Dalton’ s Atomic Theory How atoms differ Radioac tivity Types of radiatio n The atom Subatomic.
Greeks Before 400 BC Observers (not scientists) did not use scientific experiments Matter could be endlessly divided Matter is made of fire, water, air,
Honors Physics Chapter 25: Subatomic Physics.  Nucleons  Protons and Neutrons that Make Up the Nucleus  Atomic Number (Z)  # of Protons  Atomic Mass.
Glencoe Chapters 4, 5, and 24. Atoms: The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of that element.
Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Radioactivity – spontaneous emission of radiation Radiation – rays and particles emitted from a radioactive material.
The Atom Aim: How has the model of the atom change over the years?
CLICK HERE TO BEGIN! Directions: Click the term that correctly matches the definition in each question.
Mrs. Jackson Third Block. Standard PS.2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms.
Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay. Radioactivity (Radioactive decay) The process by which some substances spontaneously emit radiation. Radioactive.
Nuclear Physics An Introduction. What does it mean when something is “Radioactive”? Atomic nuclei that emit particles and energy are said to be radioactive.
Quantization of light energy  Planck derived a formula that described the distribution of wavelengths emitted, depending on the temperature. His formula.
Physical Science Honors
Outside nucleus in electron cloud
Unit 4 – Nuclear Reactions
Atoms and Nuclear Radiation Atoms and Isotopes
Presentation transcript:

Warm up 1. What are some of the dangers of nuclear energy? 1. What are some of the dangers of nuclear energy? 2. Where does the energy for nuclear reactions come from? (think of where the word “nuclear” comes from/sounds like) 2. Where does the energy for nuclear reactions come from? (think of where the word “nuclear” comes from/sounds like)

Atoms Greeks: four elements Greeks: four elements Earth, fire, wind, water Earth, fire, wind, water What’s the smallest piece you can cut something into? What’s the smallest piece you can cut something into? Late 1800’s ‘discover’ the atom as the smallest piece of stuff Late 1800’s ‘discover’ the atom as the smallest piece of stuff Scientists new atoms were small, had mass, and were electrically neutral Scientists new atoms were small, had mass, and were electrically neutral

Electrons Scientists discovered the electron Scientists discovered the electron They knew electrons had a negative charge, and were in the atom. They knew electrons had a negative charge, and were in the atom. So where were the positive charges to make atoms neutral? So where were the positive charges to make atoms neutral?

Atomic models Plum pudding model Plum pudding model J.J. Thomson J.J. Thomson Solar system model Solar system model “The Bohr model” after N. Bohr “The Bohr model” after N. Bohr E. Rutherford experiment E. Rutherford experiment

Energy levels Electrons can only ‘orbit’ at certain levels of energy. Electrons can only ‘orbit’ at certain levels of energy.

Hydrogen Atoms Orbital radius: r n = [h 2 n 2 ] / [4(pi) 2 Kmq 2 ] Orbital radius: r n = [h 2 n 2 ] / [4(pi) 2 Kmq 2 ] n = orbital level n = orbital level K = 9 * 10 9 K = 9 * 10 9 h = Planck’s constant h = Planck’s constant q = electron charge q = electron charge m = mass of an electron m = mass of an electron

Energy of an electron E n = eV * 1/n 2 E n = eV * 1/n 2 eV = electron volt eV = electron volt When an electron changes energy levels it goes up or down by this amount. This is Quantum physics: that means any photon emitted or absorbed by an atom has that energy. When an electron changes energy levels it goes up or down by this amount. This is Quantum physics: that means any photon emitted or absorbed by an atom has that energy.

Uses Determining what stars are made of Determining what stars are made of Determining what is between earth and a star Determining what is between earth and a star

Lasers Light amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Light amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Excite an electron to a certain energy level (pump). Then it relaxes to a lower, stable, state. When it then jumps down to a its base state it releases a photon of the wavelength corresponding to the energy loss. E = hf Excite an electron to a certain energy level (pump). Then it relaxes to a lower, stable, state. When it then jumps down to a its base state it releases a photon of the wavelength corresponding to the energy loss. E = hf

Lasers Coherent Coherent Monochromatic Monochromatic Directional Directional USES USES : measuring, cutting, reading music, holograms, surgery : measuring, cutting, reading music, holograms, surgery

Reality Electrons don’t ‘orbit’ nicely Electrons don’t ‘orbit’ nicely Electron Cloud Electron Cloud Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Can know where Can know where Can know how much energy Can know how much energy Can’t know both Can’t know both

Quantum Tunneling Example of electron cloud and statistical physics Example of electron cloud and statistical physics

Light Sabers Properties Properties Hot Hot Light Light ~ 4 ft long ~ 4 ft long Deflect blaster bolts Deflect blaster bolts

Other future weapons Rail guns Rail guns Coil Guns Coil Guns

Radioactivity Alpha Decay – Helium Nucleus Alpha Decay – Helium Nucleus Beta Decay – Electrons emitted from the nucleus when a neutron turns into a proton Beta Decay – Electrons emitted from the nucleus when a neutron turns into a proton Gamma decay – photon emission from nucleus. Gamma decay – photon emission from nucleus. ½ life – time it takes for half a substance to decay away. ½ life – time it takes for half a substance to decay away.

Nuclear Reactions Fission Fission Chain Reactions Chain Reactions Nuclear Power Nuclear Power Atom bombs Atom bombs Fusion Fusion Stars Stars Dream energy Dream energy

Other uses of radiation medicine medicine chemotherapy chemotherapy power supplies power supplies plant mold killers. plant mold killers.

Forces Strong Strong Weak Weak

Faraday Cage

Dyson Sphere

Relativity Time Dilation Time Dilation Length Contraction Length Contraction Time Travel Time Travel

Homework Review for Exam Review for Exam Make 1 page of notes to use Make 1 page of notes to use