The Many Facets of Metadata Exchange Between Publishers and the Research Community: The Role that A&I Services and DOIs Play in Providing Access to Electronic Content Heather Ruland Staines, Global eProduct Manager, SpringerLink ALA Midwinter, January 24, 2009

2 Overview Varied Uses of Metadata A&I Services for Content Discovery – Why Indexing? – Types of A&I services – How does the process work? DOI (Digital Object Identifier) as Discovery Tool – What is a DOI? – Why participate in DOI registration services like CrossRef?

3 body ejournals header body header Reference body header body header Reference body eBook Targets for Publisher Metadata

4 Why is indexing essential? Users are no longer browsing in a library Usage comes from on-line indexing services, not from users browsing publisher databases Publishers need to be well-represented in all important indexing services Google is by far the most important Discipline specific services are also key

5 Type of Indexing Services Interdisciplinary (Thomson Reuters (formerly ISI), Google, Scopus) vs. Discipline specific (PubMed/Medline, ChemAbstracts, ADS (astronomy, physics), MathReviews, Philosopher’s Index, ERIC (education)) Selective (Thomson Reuters, PubMed/Medline) vs. All-inclusive – Criteria: quality of articles (content and publication), quality of authors, (# publications, # citations), quality of editorial board, timeliness of publication) Indexing-only vs. Reviewing/Abstracting

6 Springer A&I Policy Springer A&I directly supports ISI, PubMed, and the priority indexing services. Smaller indexing services are handled by individual publishing editors. All metadata transfer to such services is handled by Springer A&I in coordination with Springer Heidelberg

7 What is a DOI? A digital object identifier is an alphanumeric string created both to: – Uniquely identify a content work, and to – Serve as a stable link to that content’s digital location A DOI stays the same regardless of changes in ownership or location because it is just the name used to look up an address in an easily updateable directory DOI /s DOI /S

8 DOI-enabled linking A special thanks to Ed Pentz of CrossRef for his kind permission to use portions of this and some of the following slides.

9 DOI syntax: A NISO standard

10 International DOI Foundation IDF oversees central DOI system and promotes DOI as a standard Provides the organizational infrastructure that ensures persistence and interoperability Includes Eight Registration Agencies: – European Union Office of Publications – TIB (Technische Informationsbibliotek) – R. R. Bowker – Nielsen Bookdata – CAL (Copyright Agency Limited, Australia) – mEDRA (multilingual European Registration Agency) – Wanfang Data (an affiliate of the Chinese Min. of Sci. and Tech.) – CrossRef

11 Why Be in CrossRef? CrossRef (founded 2000) is the largest DOI registration agency CrossRef participating publishers collaborate on digital infrastructure (organizational and technical) for researchers Protect users from dead external links and Error 404 messages Integrates with Open URL To get persistent IDs for content To drive more traffic to content To turn references into hyperlinks To pull in cited-by links (what other publications cite this content)

12 Content Types for DOIs Books Standards Proceedings Images Figures MRW entries Datasets Working Papers Dissertations

13 CrossRef Implementation Publishers deposit DOIs and metadata to enable inbound linking – As soon as content is registered in CrossRef, it becomes visible for linking by other participants Create outbound links from references by querying the CrossRef metadata database Cited-by: Allows any member publisher to retrieve cross-publisher cited- by information and implement a “what cites this” feature – Helps the academic publishing community track and preserve the scholarly citation record

14 Thank you! Any questions? Heather Ruland Staines CrossRef questions may be directed to: Ed Pentz

15 Impact Factor Calculation Nc = Number of citations from year y to articles published in year y-1 and y-2. N1 = Number of articles published in year y-1 N2 = Number of articles published in year y-2 IF = Nc / (N1 + N2)