Key feminist goals, 19th century Right to vote Abolition of “coverture” Legal independence Right to equal education Right to protection against violence within and beyond marriage Right to not have sex
“This hour belongs to the Negro.” Frederick Douglas “Do you believe the African race is composed entirely of males?” Elizabeth Cady Stanton
“Women first and Negro last; that is my program.” George Francis Train
1869 National Woman Suffrage Association; Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony; strategy: work outside the Republican party American Women Suffrage Association; Lucy Stone; strategy: work within the Republican party
1900: 5,319,000 women worked for wages 932,000 in clothing or textile mills 2 million women worked as domestic servants
Women’s suffrage map
“It is a risk, a danger to a country like ours to send 1,000,000 men out of the country who are loyal and not replace those men by the loyal values of the women they have left at home.” Carrie Chapman Catt
UN Resolutions for Women’s Rights as of 1995 193 countries in the world 139 countries ratified Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination 127 ratified Equal Pay for Equal Value 126 ratified Equality in Employment 105 ratified Equal Political Rights 44 ratified Equal Marriage Rights Women...A World Survey, 1995, World Priorities, by Ruth Leger Sivard
Female Education as a Percent of Male Education, 1995 Literacy Rate Elementary Secondary Higher Education Average Latin America 97 95 106 89 Middle East 75 86 71 64 74 South Asia 57 73 58 45 Far East 84 90 85 68 82 Oceania 81 47 Africa 69 78 54 Women...A World Survey, 1995, World Priorities, by Ruth Leger Sivard