Chapter 19 Pretest 1) Capitalism is the economic system in which (a) the government owns the means of production and operates them for the welfare of all the people. (b) the profit motive and competition in business are completely eliminated. (c) people retain partial control over economic planning through the election of government officials. (d) individuals rather than the government control the factors of production.

2) The Industrial Revolution began in the (a) 1500s. (b) 1600s. (c) 1700s. (d) 1800s.

3)The principle of laissez-faire states that (a) all citizens of a certain age should have the right to vote. (b) government should control all aspects of business. (c) government should not interfere with the operations of business. (d) workers should have the right to strike.

4) The Industrial Revolution began in (a) Germany. (b) Great Britain. (c) France. (d) the United States.

5) The earliest industry to be affected by mechanization was (a) cotton textiles. (b) transportation. (c) electronics. (d) iron and steel.

6) The control of the total production or sale of a good or service by a single company is called a a. cartel. b. mega-corporation. c. sole proprietorship. d. monopoly.

7) Workers formed associations called unions in order to (a) have more say in governmental reforms. (b) limit the use of mechanization in factories. (c) give women equal pay. (d) strengthen their position in relation to owners.

8) The segment of society that benefited most from industrialization was the (a) upper class. (b) governmental leaders. (c) lower class. (d) middle class.

9) An industrial reform passed in England in 1847 limited the hours women and children could work in factories to (a) 8 hours a day. (b) 10 hours a day. (c) 12 hours a day. (d) 14 hours a day.

10) The system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items is called a. the assembly line process. b. division of labor. c. the industrial method. d. mass production.