Affirmative Action Has there been a move away from Affirmative Action in Recent Years?

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Presentation transcript:

Affirmative Action Has there been a move away from Affirmative Action in Recent Years?

Ronald Reagan’s “Colour blind” Policy President Ronald Reagan believed that Affirmative Action – or at least some aspects of it - were discriminatory. He stated that it was ‘socially divisive and economically useless’

Loss of popular support During the 1980s many people came to see AAPs as discriminatory against whites especially during times of high unemployment.

Legal Action Many employers became nervous of AAPs for fear that they could be taken to court by people who did not benefit from the schemes

The Changing Supreme Court In the 1960 and 70s the Supreme Court had upheld Affirmative Action. From the 1980s onwards the membership of the Court has changed – fewer of the Justices support Affirmative Action Justice Clarence Thomas

Supreme Court Rulings As the Supreme Court became less sympathetic to A.A.P.s in the 1980s and 90s many of heir decisions undermined Affirmative Action

Missouri Versus Jenkins This ruling effectively put an end to busing and magnet schools. The Supreme Court said that states did not have to make sure that schools were ‘mixed’.

The Bakke Case 1978 According to Justice Powell, who announced the court's judgment in Bakke, universities could take account of race as a "plus factor" in evaluating a candidate as an individual whole. However, they could not set aside places only for minorities Allan Bakke receives his medical degree

Proposition California "The state shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, colour, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting." The death of Affirmative Action?

But…. The latest position! 2003: U.S. Supreme Court delivered a landmark decision on affirmative action. In Grutter v. Bollinger the Court said that the University of Michigan law school may give an edge to minority applicants in the admission process. BUT, in a 6-3 vote the court overturned the school's point system which gave specific "weight" to minority applicants in Gratz v. Bollinger. What does that mean?

It would appear then that the latest position is that Affirmative Action is still supported if universities and businesses etc. need to take race into account, but strict targets and quotas which AUTOMATICALLY give extra help to minorities are out So …

Barack Obama on AA And the public?