January 14, 2014 (E) 1. What did you do over winter break? 2. Write two things you know about chemistry and EXPLAIN. 3. Define the three trends: Atomic Radius Ionization Energy Electro-negativity 4. How many seconds are in 23 days?

January 16, 2014 (E) 1. The least reactive elements belong to this group 2. Lithium belongs to the group 3. Write both the FULL and SHORTCUT electron configuration for Lithium 4. How many valence electron(s) does Lithium have? 5. Sodium belongs to the group 6. How many valence electrons does Sodium have? 7. Based on #4 and #6, we can conclude that… 8. A football field is 100 yards in distance. How long is the field in INCHES? 1 yard is equal to 3 feet, and 1 foot is equal to 12 inches.

January 21, 2014 (E) 1. Normal atoms become ions when… 2. These metals want to become like Noble Gases 3. Ions with a positive charge are called… 4. Ions with a negative charge are called… 5. A couple wise guys used chemistry to make money. They sold bars of Tungsten covered with a thin layer of gold. Each bar is 10 ounces. Gold is valued at $1778 per ounce. They made 7 of these fake gold bars. How much money did these wise guys make?

January 23, 2014 (E) 1. Ions made up of more than one atoms are called… 2. An oxygen atom will become what type of ion with what amount of charge (+1, -1, etc.)? 3. An oxygen ion has how many electrons? 4. Aluminum ion has what amount of charge? 5. How many electrons does an Al ion have? 6. One dozen is equal to how many things? 7. You bought 2.5 dozen eggs. Each egg costs 17 cents. How much did you spend on eggs? 8. Pick up your work at the front

January 24, 2013 (O) AGENDA 1. Quiz 2. Significant Figures and Scientific Notation. 3. Lab 4. Naming Ionic Compounds Properties of salts 5. Prepare for exam HOMEWORK 1. Study 2. Wordproblems

January 27, 2014 (E) 1. Turn Fluorine into an ion 2. Turn Calcium into an ion 3. Turn Arsenic into an ion 4. Turn Aluminum into an ion 5. Which two groups are most reactive and unstable? 6. Why are these two groups so reactive and unstable? 7. How can each group become less reactive and more stable? 8. Review notes for quiz and pick up your work at the front.

January 27, 2014 (E) AGENDA 1. Review lab 2. How to name ionic compounds 3. Classwork 4. Properties of ionic compounds 5. Review for EXAM HOMEWORK 1. Study 2. Lab Questions

January 29, 2014 (E) 1. Turn Aluminum into an ion 2. Turn Oxygen into an ion 3. What is the formula for the Al cation and O anion? 4. What is the molar mass for #3? 5. How many grams of the compound are in 3.39 mol? 6. This element becomes an ion, but not by becoming like a Noble Gas. Which is it: F, Cl, Na, Fe 7. How will an element with e. config of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 become stable like Noble Gas? Pick up work

January 31, 2014 (E) Predict the charge on the ion formed by each element. 1. selenium, used to make ruby-colored glass 2. yttrium, used to make high-performance spark plugs 3. calcium, used to prevent osteoporosis 4. iodine, required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones Write the formula for the ionic compound 5. potassium cation and cyanide anion 6. calcium cation and hypochlorite anion 7. sodium cation and bicarbonate anion 8. ammonium cation and sulfate anion Pick up work

January 31, 2014 (E) AGENDA 1. Notes on Naming Compounds Part II 2. Practice naming compounds part II 3. Notes on Properties of Ionic Compounds 4. Review for exam. HOMEWORK 1. Study 2. Section Review 5.3 #2, 3, 5-8

Periodic Table Important GROUPS 1. Alkali Metals 2. Alkali Earth Metals 3. Halogens 4. Noble Gases 5. Transition Metals 6. Lanthanides 7. Actinides 8. Metalloids

Periodic Table 1. Alkali Metals metals very reactive 2. Alkali Earth Metals metal does NOT dissolve quickly in water high melting point

Periodic Table 3. Halogens non-metal very reactive 4. Noble Gases gases stable not reactive – why?

Periodic Table 5. Metals conducts heat and electricity malleable – like Playdoh ductile

Periodic Table 6. Lanthanides extremely rare 7. Actinides also rare radioactive

Periodic Table 8. Metalloids solid, but not metal has properties of metals

Classwork page 131 #1,2,5,6,8,11,13 Answer in complete sentences

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Ions OBJECTIVE: See connection between electron configuration and chemical properties

Ions What is an ION? an atom that gained or lost one or more electrons

Ions What is an ION? an atom that gained or lost one or more electrons 1. What determines if an atom gains or loses an electron 2. What determines how many electrons are gained or lost

Valence Electrons and Ions What are valence electrons? electrons in its outermost orbital

Valence Electrons and Ions Write FULL electron configuration for Silicon, Si

Valence Electrons and Ions Write FULL electron configuration for Silicon, Si

Valence Electrons and Ions Write FULL electron configuration for Silicon, Si Si = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 2

Valence Electrons and Ions Write FULL electron configuration for Silicon, Si Si = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 2

Valence Electron and Ions Write FULL electron configuration for Germanium, Ge

Valence Electron and Ions Write FULL electron configuration for Germanium, Ge Ge = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 2 4s 2 3d 10 4p 2 4 valence electrons

Valence Electron and Ions HeliumNeonArgonKryptonXenon 1.Write the electron configuration for the following elements 2.UNDERLINE valence electrons

Valence Electron and Ions The S orbital can hold how many electrons? TWO The P orbital can hold how many electrons? SIX Noble gases are stable and unreactive because their outer orbitals are FILLED Helium 1s 2 Neon [He]2s 2 2p 6 Argon [Ne]3s 2 3p 6 Krypton [Ar]4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 Xenon [Kr]5s 2 4d 10 5p 6

Valence Electron and Ions Helium 1s 2 Neon [He]2s 2 2p 6 Argon [Ne]3s 2 3p 6 Krypton [Ar]4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 Xenon [Kr]5s 2 4d 10 5p 6 Alkali and Alkali Earth Metals want to be noble by having the SAME electron configuration

Textbook page 162 Ions with at POSTIVE charge, +, are called cations pronounced “cat – ions”

Ions IMPORTANT Ions and their parent atoms have different properties. Ex: a Li cation =/= a Li atom Why might this be the case? Just because ions have the same electron configuration as Noble Gases does not make them become Noble Gases. Ex: a Li cation =/= He atom Basic idea: ions not same as parent atom ions do not become Noble Gases

Textbook page 163

Valence Electron and Ions Helium 1s 2 Neon [He]2s 2 2p 6 Argon [Ne]3s 2 3p 6 Krypton [Ar]4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 Xenon [Kr]5s 2 4d 10 5p 6 Non-Metals want to be noble by having the SAME electron configuration

Textbook page 162 Ions with at NEGATIVE charge called anions pronounced “an – ions”

Textbook page 162 Ions with at NEGATIVE charge called anions pronounced “an – ions”

3. Trendy Table Periodic Trends Ionization Energy What is this? Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

3. Trendy Table Periodic Trends 2 nd Trend: First Ionization Energy What is this? Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom A FILLED orbital is a happy and stable orbital

3. Trendy Table 2 nd Trend: First Ionization Energy

3. Trendy Table 2 nd Trend: First Ionization Energy

3. Trendy Table 2 nd Trend: First Ionization Energy

3. Trendy Table Periodic Trends 3 Patterns 1.Atomic Radius 2.Ionization Energy 3.Electronegativity Atomic Radius Ionization Energy Electronegativity Period INCREASES Row INCREASES

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Ions So far we learned how a “normal” atom becomes an ion Li  Li + + 1electron Mg  Mg electrons N + 3electrons  N 3- O + 2electrons  O 2- F + electron  F -

Ions Ex: CN - NH 4 + CO 3 2- Because these ions are made from two or more atoms, they are called polyatomic ions Some ions are made from two or more atoms

Ions Because these ions are made from two or more atoms, they are called polyatomic ions -ite has less oxygen than -ate

Ions, Ionic Bonds, and Ionic Compounds OBJECTIVE: Understand how IONS join together to create IONIC COMPOUNDS

Ions, Ionic Bonds, and Ionic Compounds Ionic Bonding Ionic bonds form between cations and anions, ions with opposite charges Na + + Cl -  NaCl cation anionionic compound

Ions, Ionic Bonds, and Ionic Compounds Ionic bonds form between cations and anions, ions with opposite charges Na + + Cl -  NaCl cation anionionic compound Cu + + CH 3 COO -  CuCH 3 COO

Ions, Ionic Bonds, and Ionic Compounds Ionic bonds form between cations and anions, ions with opposite charges Cu + + CH 3 COO -  CuCH 3 COO cation anionionic compound NH Cr 2 O 7 -  NH 4 Cr 2 O 7 cation anionionic compound

Ions, Ionic Bonds, and Ionic Compounds Ionic bonds form between cations and anions, ions with opposite charges NH Cr 2 O 7 -  NH 4 Cr 2 O 7 cation anionionic compound CHARGES MUST CANCEL

Ions, Ionic Bonds, and Ionic Compounds 1. Make the following ionic compounds 2. Write formula 3. Calculate the molar mass 4. H+ and SO Al 3+ and O Mg 2+ and OH - 7. Ag + and Cl - 8. Na + and HCO Ca 2+ and PO Na + and NO NH 4 + and PO 4 3-

Complete table on separate paper What is the correct formula for magnesium hydroxide: MgOH 2, MgO 2 H 2 or Mg(OH) 2 ? K+K+ Fe 3+ NH 4 + Ba 2+ Cl - KCl SO 4 2- PO 4 3- NO 3 - OH -

Complete table on separate paper What is the correct formula for magnesium hydroxide: MgOH 2, MgO 2 H 2 or Mg(OH) 2 ? K+K+ Fe 3+ NH 4 + Ba 2+ Cl - KClFeCl 3 NH 4 ClBaCl 2 SO 4 2- K 2 SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 BaSO 4 PO 4 3- K 3 PO 4 FePO 4 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 NO 3 - KNO 3 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 NH 4 NO 3 Ba(NO 3 ) 2 OH - KOH Fe(OH) 3 NH 4 OH Ba(OH) 2

Calculating Moles for Ionic Compounds OBJECTIVE: Learn how to convert grams  moles, and moles  to grams for ionic compounds

Calculating Moles for Ionic Compounds A MOLE of something is equal to or 6.02 x 10 23

Calculating Moles for Ionic Compounds 1 MOLE of eggs = eggs 1 MOLE of donuts = donuts 1 MOLE of flowers = flowers 1 MOLE of Li atoms = Li atoms

Calculating Moles for Ionic Compounds How calculate GRAMS  MOLES Atomic Mass : 1 mol

Calculating Moles for Ionic Compounds How calculate GRAMS  MOLES How many moles are in 24 grams of C? 24 g1 mol= 12 g

Calculating Moles for Ionic Compounds How calculate GRAMS  MOLES How many moles are in 327 g of NaCl Na: 1 x 23 g = 23g + Cl: 1 x g = 35.45g NaCl = g 327 g NaCl 1 mol NaCl g NaCl = 5.59 mol NaCl

Calculating Moles for Ionic Compounds How calculate MOLES  GRAMS How many grams are in mol of NaCl? Na: 1 x 23 g = 23g + Cl: 1 x g = 35.45g NaCl = g mol NaCl g NaCl 1 mol NaCl = g NaCl

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Complete table on separte paper ? mols ? grams K+K+ Fe 3+ NH 4 + Ba 2+ Cl - 12g 3.27 mol SO g mol PO g 2.31 mol NO g 3.27 mol OH g mol

Rules for Significant Figures 1. All nonzero #’s ARE significant. 2. Interior zeroes ARE significant. 3. Leading zeroes ARE NOT significant. 4. Trailing zeroes AFTER a decimal point ARE significant. 5. Trailing zeroes BEFORE a decimal point ARE significant 6. Trailing zeroes without a decimal point?

How many significant figures? kg L g cm mg

Naming Ionic Compounds

1. Start with cation. 2. If cation is Transition Metal check table for roman numerals 3. Name the anion using the suffix “ IDE ”. If anion is polyatomic…

Naming Ionic Compounds IMPORTANT Roman Numeral =/= Subscript copper(I) oxide Cu 2 O Roman Numeral = CHARGE of… Cu + O 2-

Cations with Roman Numerals in BOLD

Naming Ionic Compounds II Writing formulas from names of ionic compounds 1. Write anion and charge. -ATE-ITE 2. Write cation and charge. Table 2.5? 3. Cross charges and write formula.

Naming Ionic Compounds A. Ca 2+ CN - Ca(CN) 2 B. Rb + S 2 O 3 2- Rb 2 S 2 O 3 C. Ca 2+ CH3COO - Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 D. NH 4 + SO 4 2- (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4

Naming Ionic Compounds Writing formulas from names of ionic compounds 1. Write anion and charge. -ATE-ITE 2. Write cation and charge. Table 2.5? 3. Cross charges and write formula.

Ammonium phosphate is used by firefighters to extinguish and slow down fires. Local firefighters used over g of this compound when fighting the 1700-acre fire near Glendora, CA. This ionic compound works by “suffocating” the fire. Fire requires oxygen, but ammonium phosphate is a dry powder that covers and blankets fires thereby “suffocating” it. Much more of this compound was needed to combat the recent fire that burned an area that is almost equivalent to 29 football fields. 1. What is the formula for the compound? 2. Which is the cation, and what is its charge? 3. Which is the anion, and what is its charge? 4. What is the molar mass of the compound? 5. How many moles were used by the firefighters?

Ammonium phosphate is used by firefighters to extinguish and slow down fires. Local firefighters used over g of this compound when fighting the acre fire near Glendora, CA. This ionic compound works by “suffocating” the fire. Fire requires oxygen, but ammonium phosphate is a dry powder that covers and blankets fires thereby “suffocating” it. Much more of this compound was needed to combat the recent fire that burned an area that is almost equivalent to 29 football fields. A. What is the formula for the compound? B. Which is the cation, and what is its charge? C. Which is the anion, and what is its charge? D. What is the molar mass of the compound? E. How many moles were used by the firefighters?

Properties of Ionic Compounds OBJECTIVE: A quick look at salts SALTS

Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds are COMPOUNDS chemically joined Ions are joined by IONIC BONDS Ionic Bonds VERY STRONG!!

Properties of Ionic Compounds Strong bonds = high boiling point High boiling point = need lots of energy (heat) to break bond/connection between cation and anion.

Properties of Ionic Compounds bond strength depends on ion radius and ion charge

Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic Bonds metal cation + non-metal anion Ionic compounds are generally called SALTs

Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds form crystals

Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds form crystals Copper (II) sulfate

Properties of Ionic Compounds Shape depends on radius of ions crystal lattice (lattice = repeating pattern)

Properties of Ionic Compounds Salts form crystals

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Mono Lake, CA

Properties of Ionic Compounds Mono Lake, CA

Properties of Ionic Compounds Mono Lake, CA

Properties of Ionic Compounds Mono Lake, CA

Properties of Ionic Compounds

calcium carbonate

Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds Brittle (break, not bend)

Properties of Ionic Compounds calcium carbonate

Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds conduct electricity

Properties of Ionic Compounds conduct electricity

Atoms Electron Configuration Valence Electrons Ions CationsAnions Ionic Compounds Calculations FormulaProperties Molar Mass Naming Grams   Moles