Primo Levi, Auschwitz survivor If there is one thing sure in this world, it is certainly this: that it will not happen to us a second time.

Humanity What is it? Who has it? Where was it in Rwanda?

Definition the quality of being humane; kindness; benevolence

RWANDA

Size slightly smaller than Maryland

CLIMATE / TERRAIN temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains w/ frost & snow possible temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains w/ frost & snow possible mostly grassy uplands & hills; relief is mountainous w/ altitude declining from west to east mostly grassy uplands & hills; relief is mountainous w/ altitude declining from west to east

Pg. 20 description

INDEPENDANCE 1 July 1962 (from Belgium- administered UN trusteeship)

Pg.23 History of obeying

FIGHT FOR FREEDOM In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king.

FIGHT CONTIUES thousands of Tutsis were killed thousands of Tutsis were killed some 150,000 were driven into exile in neighboring countries some 150,000 were driven into exile in neighboring countries children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) RPF began a civil war in 1990 RPF began a civil war in 1990

Rwanda’s Genocide 1990’s: Ethnic conflict between the Hutu & Tutsi leads to genocide 1990’s: Ethnic conflict between the Hutu & Tutsi leads to genocide Hutu tried to completely wipe out the Tutsi Hutu tried to completely wipe out the Tutsi History of the conflict: History of the conflict: Until A.D Rwanda/Burundi region occupied by Hutu Until A.D Rwanda/Burundi region occupied by Hutu 1994: Hutu presidents of R/B killed 1994: Hutu presidents of R/B killed Hutu’s suspect Tutsi’s and begin mass killing Hutu’s suspect Tutsi’s and begin mass killing

Economy poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture landlocked with few natural resources & minimal industry landlocked with few natural resources & minimal industry Primary foreign exchange earners are coffee & tea Primary foreign exchange earners are coffee & tea

Virunga Mountains Mountain gorillas / Diane Fossey / Poaching

Hazards/Issues deforestation (uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel) Overgrazing soil exhaustion & soil erosion widespread poaching periodic droughts Volcano AIDS

arable land: 45.56%

Life Expectancy: 47 years

Ethnic Groups Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%

Pg.47, 50 Ethnic divisions

Religion Roman Catholic 56.5% Roman Catholic 56.5% Protestant 26% Protestant 26% Adventist 11.1% Adventist 11.1% Muslim 4.6% Muslim 4.6% indigenous beliefs 0.1% indigenous beliefs 0.1% none 1.7% none 1.7%

Language Kinyarwanda (official) Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular universal Bantu vernacular French (official) French (official) English (official) English (official) Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers

MILITARY Rwandan Defense Forces: Army, Air Force Iterahamwe “those who attack together” (Hutu)

FLEE April 1994: genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis & moderate Hutus Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime & ended the killing in July 1994 approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled

Refugees 57,000 reside in 21 African states 57,000 reside in 21 African states Zambia &Gabon Zambia &Gabon 20,000 fled to Burundi in 2005 & 2006 to escape drought & recriminations courts investigating 1994 massacres 20,000 fled to Burundi in 2005 & 2006 to escape drought & recriminations courts investigating 1994 massacres

Denouncing Evil Is a far cry from doing good (170)

Inside Teachers killed students Teachers killed students Doctors killed patients Doctors killed patients Priest killed followers Priest killed followers Families took children from neighbors to protect them Families took children from neighbors to protect them Widowers took neighbors wives to protect them Widowers took neighbors wives to protect them Some joined mob to prevent being killed Some joined mob to prevent being killed

Common Tool for Genocide

What was the US doing? Pg & 269

Rwandans believe God visits other countries by day, but every night he returns to rest in Rwanda.

Movie scenes Pg.115 they come to Paul’s house Pg.115 they come to Paul’s house Pg.127 keeping military from killing at hotel Pg.127 keeping military from killing at hotel Pg.132 fax machine Pg.132 fax machine Pg.133 outside hotel Pg.133 outside hotel Pg.141 doing what’s right Pg.141 doing what’s right Pg.142 first escape atempt Pg.142 first escape atempt