Bible “Big Picture” Covenant Making – God establishes a covenant relationship with a missional community by way of a redemptive act (primary revelatory authority based upon direct encounter) Covenant Making – God establishes a covenant relationship with a missional community by way of a redemptive act (primary revelatory authority based upon direct encounter) –O.T.: PentateuchN.T.: Gospels Covenant Living – God guides the covenant relationship with the missional community by way of authorized spokespersons (secondary revelatory authority based upon unique individual calling & equipping) Covenant Living – God guides the covenant relationship with the missional community by way of authorized spokespersons (secondary revelatory authority based upon unique individual calling & equipping) –O.T.: Former Prophets (Stories)N.T.: Acts of the Apostles –O.T.: Latter Prophets (Sermons)N.T.: Epistles of the Apostles Covenant Questions – God nurtures the covenant relationship with a missional community by way of spiritual wisdom and insight (tertiary revelatory authority based upon communal spiritual insight) Covenant Questions – God nurtures the covenant relationship with a missional community by way of spiritual wisdom and insight (tertiary revelatory authority based upon communal spiritual insight) –O.T.: Poetry/Wisdom LiteratureN.T.: Hebrews; Revelation

Pauline Scholarship: “Which letters did Paul write?” Undisputed (accepted by all scholars as genuine Pauline letters) Undisputed (accepted by all scholars as genuine Pauline letters) –Romans –1 Corinthians –2 Corinthians –Galatians –Philippians –1 Thessalonians –Philemon

Pauline Scholarship: “Which letters did Paul write?” “Deutero-Pauline” (questioned by some scholars as possibly not written by Paul) “Deutero-Pauline” (questioned by some scholars as possibly not written by Paul) –Ephesians  Difference in style? (many very long sentences)  Difference in vocabulary? (116 unique words)  Difference in theology? (use of “works” in ch. 2) –Colossians  Difference in style? (some very long sentences)  Difference in social concerns? (marriage, family, work)  Difference in theology? (resurrection applied—2:12) –2 Thessalonians  Difference in theology? (delayed return of Jesus)

Pauline Scholarship: “Which letters did Paul write?” Non-Pauline/”Pastorals” (denied by some scholars as not written by Paul) Non-Pauline/”Pastorals” (denied by some scholars as not written by Paul) –1 & 2 Timothy, Titus  Don’t fit in the chronology of Acts  Unique vocabulary (306 of 848 words)  Formalized church structures & leadership roles  Writing style may be non-Pauline (use of terms)  Response to wrong teachings seems to pre- suppose a more developed official church doctrine

Were these letters written by Paul? Responses by those who say Yes! All were undisputed as Pauline by early church All were undisputed as Pauline by early church Differences in vocabulary can be attributed to divergent emphases & topics Differences in vocabulary can be attributed to divergent emphases & topics Differences in style can be attributed to differing amanuenses (writing scribes) and/or divergent emphases & topics Differences in style can be attributed to differing amanuenses (writing scribes) and/or divergent emphases & topics The pastorals assume travels of Paul after Acts 28 The pastorals assume travels of Paul after Acts 28 The time difference between Galatians (48 A.D.) and the Pastorals (65-66? A.D.) would account for the growing organizational and creedal structures in the church The time difference between Galatians (48 A.D.) and the Pastorals (65-66? A.D.) would account for the growing organizational and creedal structures in the church

Beyond Rome The Last Travels & Last Years A.D.

Beyond Rome Acquitted and released (mid 59) Acquitted and released (mid 59) Travels to Crete, leaves Titus (mid 59) Travels to Crete, leaves Titus (mid 59) Travels to Colossae, visits Philemon (late 59) Travels to Colossae, visits Philemon (late 59) Travels to Ephesus, leaves Timothy (late 59) Travels to Ephesus, leaves Timothy (late 59) Travels to Philippi (early 60) Travels to Philippi (early 60) Travels to Spain? (61-63) Travels to Spain? (61-63) Writes first letter to Timothy (early 63) Writes first letter to Timothy (early 63)

Paul’s First Letter to Timothy Instructions for Timothy as a Pastor (1-3): Instructions for Timothy as a Pastor (1-3): –Watch out for false teachers (1) –Worship practices and propriety (2) –Character and duties of church leaders (3) Instructions for Timothy as a Person (4-6): Instructions for Timothy as a Person (4-6): –Keep on the right track (4) –Treat people in the church with respect (5) –Beware the temptations of wealth; final notes (6)

Beyond Rome Acquitted and released (mid 59) Acquitted and released (mid 59) Travels to Crete, leaves Titus (mid 59) Travels to Crete, leaves Titus (mid 59) Travels to Colossae, visits Philemon (late 59) Travels to Colossae, visits Philemon (late 59) Travels to Ephesus, leaves Timothy (late 59) Travels to Ephesus, leaves Timothy (late 59) Travels to Philippi (early 60) Travels to Philippi (early 60) Travels to Spain? (61-63) Travels to Spain? (61-63) Writes first letter to Timothy (early 63) Writes first letter to Timothy (early 63) Writes letter to Titus (mid 63) Writes letter to Titus (mid 63)

Paul’s Letter to Titus Appoint good leaders to prevent false teachers from destroying the church (1) Appoint good leaders to prevent false teachers from destroying the church (1) Primary teachings for various social groups in the church (2) Primary teachings for various social groups in the church (2) Living in peace and faithfulness (3:1-11) Living in peace and faithfulness (3:1-11) Final warnings and greetings (3:12-15) Final warnings and greetings (3:12-15)

Beyond Rome Acquitted and released (mid 59) Acquitted and released (mid 59) Travels to Crete, leaves Titus (mid 59) Travels to Crete, leaves Titus (mid 59) Travels to Colossae, visits Philemon (late 59) Travels to Colossae, visits Philemon (late 59) Travels to Ephesus, leaves Timothy (late 59) Travels to Ephesus, leaves Timothy (late 59) Travels to Philippi (early 60) Travels to Philippi (early 60) Travels to Spain? (61-63) Travels to Spain? (61-63) Writes first letter to Timothy (early 63) Writes first letter to Timothy (early 63) Writes letter to Titus (mid 63) Writes letter to Titus (mid 63) Spends winter at Nicopolis (late 63-early 64) Spends winter at Nicopolis (late 63-early 64) Travels to Corinth, Miletus & Troas (64-66) Travels to Corinth, Miletus & Troas (64-66) Arrested in Troas, leaves belongings (late 66) Arrested in Troas, leaves belongings (late 66) Second Roman imprisonment, second letter to Timothy (late 66 or early 67) Second Roman imprisonment, second letter to Timothy (late 66 or early 67)

Paul’s Second Letter to Timothy Live faithfully, as you have learned from me (1:1-2:13) Live faithfully, as you have learned from me (1:1-2:13) Pastor faithfully, as you have learned from me (2:14-3:9) Pastor faithfully, as you have learned from me (2:14-3:9) Final tender reminders and testimony (3:10-4:8) Final tender reminders and testimony (3:10-4:8) Closing instructions and greetings (4:9-22) Closing instructions and greetings (4:9-22) “The Lord be with your spirit. Grace be with you.”

Beyond Rome Acquitted and released (mid 59) Acquitted and released (mid 59) Travels to Crete, leaves Titus (mid 59) Travels to Crete, leaves Titus (mid 59) Travels to Colossae, visits Philemon (late 59) Travels to Colossae, visits Philemon (late 59) Travels to Ephesus, leaves Timothy (late 59) Travels to Ephesus, leaves Timothy (late 59) Travels to Philippi (early 60) Travels to Philippi (early 60) Travels to Spain? (61-63) Travels to Spain? (61-63) Writes first letter to Timothy (early 63) Writes first letter to Timothy (early 63) Writes letter to Titus (mid 63) Writes letter to Titus (mid 63) Spends winter at Nicopolis (late 63-early 64) Spends winter at Nicopolis (late 63-early 64) Travels to Corinth, Miletus & Troas (64-66) Travels to Corinth, Miletus & Troas (64-66) Arrested in Troas, leaves belongings (late 66) Arrested in Troas, leaves belongings (late 66) Second Roman imprisonment, second letter to Timothy Second Roman imprisonment, second letter to Timothy Paul killed in Nero’s persecution (late 67) Paul killed in Nero’s persecution (late 67)

Paul in Retrospect Urged intentional mission, especially to Gentiles Urged intentional mission, especially to Gentiles Nurtured apocalyptic ethic & lifestyle Nurtured apocalyptic ethic & lifestyle Helped transition church from mission to organization Helped transition church from mission to organization Clarified the meaning of Christ’s life, death and resurrection Clarified the meaning of Christ’s life, death and resurrection Mentored a generation of leaders Mentored a generation of leaders Created an ecclesiastical communications network Created an ecclesiastical communications network