Files and Directories Copyright © Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See

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Presentation transcript:

Files and Directories Copyright © Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See for more information. The Unix Shell

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Communicate with each other Interact with us Run Programs Store Data

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Communicate with each other Interact with us Run Programs Store Data shell

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system files

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system filesdirectories

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system filesdirectories Use the shell to view and change the file system

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system filesdirectories Use the shell to run commands to view what's in the file system

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login:

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login:computer prompt in bold

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login:computer prompt in bold explanatory text in blue

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vladuser input in green

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** password

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ shell prompt

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ shell prompt like Python's >>> and …

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami check user ID

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami check user ID shell finds the whoami program

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami check user ID shell finds the whoami program runs it

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad check user ID shell finds the whoami program runs it prints its output

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ check user ID shell finds the whoami program runs it prints its output displays a new prompt

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd what is the working directory

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd what is the working directory the directory used when no other directory is explicitly specified

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ root

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ / root

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ / root

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bin / root

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindata / root

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatausers / root

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root imhoteplarryvlad

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root imhoteplarryvlad

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root imhoteplarryvlad

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root imhoteplarryvlad

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls stands for "listing"

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls stands for "listing" sadly more memorable than most command names

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin data mail music notes.txt papers pizza.cfg solar solar.pdf swc $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ an argument or flag modifying the command's behavior

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ adds a trailing '/' to directory names

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ vlad binmusicmail papers data solar notes.txt pizza.cfg solar.pdf swc

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ By convention, use filename extension to indicate file type

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ By convention, use filename extension to indicate file type.txt for text,.pdf for PDF,.cfg for configuration file, etc.

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ By convention, use filename extension to indicate file type.txt for text,.pdf for PDF,.cfg for configuration file, etc. But this is only a convention, not a guarantee

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls –F data

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls –F data amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction vlad data a relative path $ ls –F data amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction vlad data a relative path relative to current working directory $ ls –F data amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls –F /data access.log backup/ hardware.cfg network.cfg $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction an absolute path $ ls –F /data access.log backup/ hardware.cfg network.cfg $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction an absolute path leading '/' means "from root" $ ls –F /data access.log backup/ hardware.cfg network.cfg $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction bindatauserstmp / imhoteplarryvlad an absolute path leading '/' means "from root" so it always refers to this directory $ ls –F /data access.log backup/ hardware.cfg network.cfg $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data change directory

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction change directory actually doesn't change the directory $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction change directory actually doesn't change the directory changes the shell's idea of which directory we are in $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data $ pwd /users/vlad/data $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ ls amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction because we're now "in" this directory $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ ls amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd..

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. the directory above the current one

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. the directory above the current one its parent directory

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ "show all"

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ parent directory

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ parent directory /users

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ this directory itself

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Drive letter

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Drive letter Each drive is a separate file system

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Backslash \ as separator

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Backslash \ as separator Unix uses \ to escape special characters in names like my\ files.txt

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Case insensitive

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Case insensitive c:\users\vlad C:\USERS\VLAD C:\uSeRs\VlAd

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Cygwin: /cygdrive/c/Users/vlad Map drive letters to "directories"

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Cygwin: /cygdrive/c/Users/vlad Map drive letters to "directories" And use / instead of \

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Cygwin: /cygdrive/c/Users/vlad Map drive letters to "directories" And use / instead of \ But still case insensitive

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Cygwin: /cygdrive/c/Users/vlad Map drive letters to "directories" And use / instead of \ But still case insensitive Can't put backup.txt and Backup.txt in a directory

Files and DirectoriesIntroduction pwd print working directory cd change working directory ls listing. current directory..parent directory

August 2010 created by Greg Wilson Copyright © Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See for more information.