LESSON 4 Assessing the victim 4-1.

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Presentation transcript:

LESSON 4 Assessing the victim 4-1

Assess the Victim Check scene for safety Initial assessment for life-threatening conditions Unresponsiveness Lack of normal breathing Severe bleeding Secondary assessment Monitor the victim for any changes 4-2

Initial Assessment continued Takes less than one minute Do not move victim unless: Imminent danger to victim Cannot give life-saving care because of victim’s location or position AVPU Scale Alert Verbal stimuli (response) Painful stimuli (response) Unresponsive to all stimuli 4-3

Check for Responsiveness and Normal Breathing Tap person on shoulder and shout “Are you okay?” - A person who is speaking, coughing or moving is responsive - A person who may be paralyzed may have purposeful eye movements or other signs Check the person first in the position found. 4-4

Unresponsiveness A sign of a life-threatening problem Call 9-1-1 immediately At same time look for normal breathing 4-5

Check for Normal Breathing A victim who can speak or cough is breathing Gasping is not normal breathing Check victim first in position found 4-6

Breathing Normally? If victim is breathing normally, continue assessment If unresponsive victim is not breathing normally, start CPR 4-7

Check for Severe Bleeding Severe bleeding is life-threatening Control with direct pressure 4-8

Recovery Position Helps keep airway open Allows fluid to drain from mouth Prevents aspiration If possible, put victim onto left side Continue to monitor breathing 4-9

Recovery Position (HAINES-High Arm IN Endangered Spine) 4-10

Secondary Assessment Performed only for victims without life-threatening conditions Do not interrupt care for serious problem Can provide additional information Usually performed on responsive victims Includes history and physical examination Focused primarily on injured area 4-11

Get the Victim’s History Talk to a responsive victim Ask bystanders or family members what happened Consider the mechanism of injury 4-12

SAMPLE HISTORY S Signs and symptoms A Allergies M Medications P Previous problems L Last food or drink E Events 4-13

Unresponsive Victim Ask family or bystanders what happened Check the scene for clues Consider effects of environmental extremes Consider victim’s age 4-14

Physical Examination continued Examine a responsive victim from head to toe for: Bleeding or other open wounds Pain, tenderness when victim is touched Swelling or deformity Skin color, temperature, condition Abnormal sensation or movement 4-15

DOTS: What to look for D Deformities O Open injuries T Tenderness (pain) S Swelling 4-16

Examining a Child or Infant Use simple questions Involve parents or guardians Perform physical examination toe to head Talk calmly and soothingly 4-17

Monitor the Victim Give first aid for any injury or illness For unresponsive victim or victim with serious injury: Make sure condition doesn’t get worse Repeat breathing assessment at least every five minutes 4-18